Objective. To summarize data on the epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with an emphasis on prevalence and risk factors. Materials and methods. The analysis of English- and Russian-language publications using databases: PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index, Springer, Scopus, Scientific Research, Crossref, eLibrary. The search depth is 10 years (2012–2022). The paper presents data from original epidemiological studies, reflects differences in estimates of the prevalence of the disease depending on the research method, sample characteristics, predisposing environmental conditions. Results. The use of symptomatology and objective diagnostic criteria makes it possible to identify the prevalence of CRS in more than 10% of the population. When using both methods, the true prevalence of CRS is about 5%. Differences in the prevalence of CRS associated with concomitant living conditions and the general condition of patients indicate the presence of risk factors, such as modifiable: smoking, air pollution, socioeconomic, comorbid diseases, as well as unmodified: hereditary, demographic (gender, race, age). Conclusion. During the follow-up period, along with the introduction of new treatment methods, the prevalence of CRS in Russia and the world has been maintained, which requires improving the organizational and methodological approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. The expansion of data on the epidemiological patterns of CRS makes it possible to optimally identify the disease process for each patient, thereby contributing to an increase in the effectiveness of treatment at the general social level.