The research objective is to identify the manifestation features of the productivity potential of Salvia officinalis L. in the conditions of the Crimea Foothills. The study was carried out in 2017-2019 on the Kubanets variety (selection of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants) and the population of the Institute of Essential Oil and Medicinal Plants (IELR) in the scientific crop rotation of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (Belogorsky district). The analysis of samples for a complex of features was performed according to the method, including statistical data processing. The yield of the green mass of the Kubanets variety and the IELR population was, on average, 24.2±1.6 and 26.5±2.1 t/ha, the crop of essential oil was 29.5±3.7 and 34.2±4.2 kg/ha, respectively. In the conditions of extreme drought and high temperature conditions in 2018, the advantage of the IELR population in terms of raw materials content and essential oil collection was revealed, which indicates that it is more adapted to the conditions of the region. When air-dry raw material without stems stored for up to 12 months, the content of essential oil does not decrease and is 1.00-1.10% in the Kubanets variety and 1.05-1.15% in the IELR population. The component composition of the essential oil samples meets the requirements of ISO 9909:1997.

The primary task when breeding new varieties of essential-oil-bearing rose is to increase the essential oil content and quality. The purpose of the present research is to study the essential-oil-bearing rose collection variability in terms of the essential oil content and component composition and to identify opportunities for isolating the specimens promising for selection. The study of a collection of 112 specimens was carried out in 2017–2020 in the context of the piedmont of Crimea. The decanted essential oil content was determined using the hydrodistillation method. The component composition of rose essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography on Crystal 5000.2. The essential oil components were identified by comparing their Kovats retention indices to the literature values. A high variability in the essential oil content in the collection (Cv = 36.3% at the average, over 4 years) and the major components content in the essential oil (Cv = 22.1–45.9%) was found. In the context of the piedmont of Crimea, the major components’ percentage content in essential oil from all the specimens including the five Bulgarian varieties did not meet the GOST ISO 9842-2017 standard requirements. This is indicative of a high-degree sensitivity to the soil and weather conditions in the region. It was found that the citronellol, geraniol, and nerol content in essential oil dropped significantly in extreme high temperature and drought conditions. Seven specimens rich in essential oil contained in the raw plant material (0.030–0.049%) and thirteen specimens with a high yield of concrete (0.31–0.39%) were identified and have been recommended for inclusion in the breeding process.

Введение История культуры розы насчитывает десятки столетий, это растение было известно задолго до нашей эры. Род Роза (Rosa L.) семейства Розоцветных (Rosaceae) включает около 400 видов и более 25 тыс. сортов. Из всего разнообразия культурных и дикорастущих роз только немногие культивируют для получения эфирного масла. Розу эфиромасличную традиционно возделывают в Азербайджане, Болгарии, Франции, Швейцарии, Иране, Турции, Грузии, Молдавии и других странах [1]. Розовое эфирное масло, благодаря ценному составу компонентов, широко используют в парфюмерно-косметическом, пищевом, ликероводочном производствах [2, 3]. Благодаря бактерицидному и бактериостатическому действиям розовое масло применяют в медицине. Так, например, эфирное масло крымской розы оказалось весьма эффективным против Stenotrophomonas maltophilia и Pseudomonas aeruginosa, а болгарское розовое масло -против Acinetobacter baumannii и Klebsiella рneumoniaе [4].

Coriander is a valuable, highly profitable essential oil crop. Therefore, the development of new highly productive varieties is the main direction of breeding. The aim of the research was to study the collection of Coriandrum sativum L. (owner – Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea) by a complex of valuable traits to identify promising samples for breeding purposes. In 2017–2019, under the conditions of the Crimean Foothills (village of Krymskaya Roza, Belogorsky district), we analyzed 164 samples from 30 regions of the world. The territory of the experimental plots belongs to the upper foothill, warm, insufficiently humid agro-climatic region. To compare the parameters, we included five coriander varieties in our study. They were created in the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (‘Yantar’, ‘Ranniy’, ‘Nektar’, ‘Medun’ and ‘Silach’) and registered in the “State Register of Breeding Achievements Permitted for Use” of the Russian Federation. The work was guided by the methodological recommendations on essential oil crops breeding. Plot area – 0.6 m2, double replication. The analysis revealed high variability of the collection samples in terms of the main indicators of productivity: fruit yield (Cv = 37.2 %), content of essential oil (Cv = 51.3 %), yield of essential oil per unit area (Cv = 60.0 %). Optimal weather conditions for the accumulation of essential oil with a high content of linalool (the main component) are relatively low air humidity and increased temperature regime during flowering and fruit ripening. The following samples were identified as sources of valuable traits: vr. 341, vr. 757, vr. 756, vr. 387, VIR 415 with a mass fraction of essential oil in fruits at the level of 2.81–3.62 %; VIR 258, vr. 233, VIR 144, VIR 165, VIR 246, vr. 705 with a fruit yield that reached 52.0–73.9 g per plot. Five samples – VIR 348, VIR 421, VIR 180, VIR 431 and vr. 521 – provided a high amount of essential oil (0.90–1.23 g per plot) because of the combination of the increased yield and essential oil mass fraction.

In 2017-2019, the Coriandrum sativum L. collection supported by the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” was analyzed by a set of characteristics. It includes 164 samples from 30 regions of the world. Collection samples were obtained from the Federal Research Center “N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources” (VIR). Twenty-six samples, promising for further breeding studies, were selected. These samples stand out from the crowd due to the content of essential oil in fruits (0.90 to 3.62%) and fruit yield (12.0 to 73.9 g per plot). The same indicators in the varieties bred in the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” are 2.99-3.26% and 9.7-33.0 g, respectively.