Endoscopic ultrasonography is a relatively new endoscopic method of examination to determine the invasion of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, detection and sizing of pancreatic tumors, diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, pathology of the biliary tract. The method combines the possibilities of two studies: endoscopic and ultrasound. The study is performed using a video endoscope, at the end of which is a scanning ultrasound sensor. The advantages of endoscopic ultrasound over traditional ultrasound examination through the anterior abdominal wall are that the ultrasound sensor under visual control through the lumen of the digestive tract can be carried out directly to the investigated object. The use of very high frequencies of ultrasound provides high image quality with a resolution of less than 1 mm, inaccessible to other research methods (ultrasound, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic cholangiopancreatography).

Background. The purpose of the study was to improve the diagnosis and improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with hiatal hernia (HH) and GERD by applying the develo­ped method of surgical correction of insufficiency of physiological cardia aimed at preserving and restoring the anatomical and topographic relationships of the esophagocardial organs. Materials and methods. In the Department of Digestive Surgery of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” for the period 2017–2021 conducted a study in 78 patients with HH, including: axial HH (type I) was 60 (77.0 %) patients; paraesophageal (type II) — 9 (11.5 %) patients; mixed (type III) — 9 (11.5 %) (code for ICD-10 — K 44). To establish and confirm the diagnosis, patients underwent radiological and endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, manometry. Results. In the analysis of complaints of examined patients it can be noted that the most common clinical manifestations in patients with HH and GERD were heartburn in 73 (93.7 %), belching in 68 (87.2 %) and epigastric pain in 64 (82.0 %). The erosions of the lower third of the esophagus was found in 13 (16.7 %) patients, while according to the Los Angeles classification in 6 (7.7 %) patients had esophagitis grade A, 7 (8.9 %) patients — grade B. According to the results of the mano­metry study, the highest pressure was observed in patients with axial HH and was (13.54 ± 3.32) mm Hg, and the lowest — in patients with GERD and was (9.81 ± 3.18) mm Hg. After a comprehensive examination, 3 (3.8 %) patients after confirmation of the diagnosis of HH in combination with Barrett’s esophagus underwent two-stage treatment: the first stage performed argonoplasmic ablation of altered esophageal mucosa, the second stage — antireflux surgery. All of 78 (100 %) patients underwent antireflux surgery. Laparoscopic fundoplications were performed: the Nissen fundoplication was performed in 53 (67.9 %) patients, Toupet fundoplication in 7 (8.9 %) patients and Dor fundoplication in 5 (6.6 %) patients, cruroraphy was performed in 100.0 %. The 11 (14.1 %) patients underwent surgery according to a new method that provides reliable restoration of physiological cardia and preservation of the anatomical relationship of the diaphragm and esophageal-gastric junction and includes cruroraphy and fundoplication. Conclusions. The method of surgical treatment of insufficiency of physiological cardia in HH, proposed by us, aimed at the correction of physiological cardia is less traumatic than known, provides a reliable restoration of the anatomical relationship of the esophagogastric region.

задняя -у 60 (89,6 %), передняя -у 2 (2,9 %), сочетанная -у 5 (7,5 %) и аллопластика -у 6 (8,9 %) пациентов. Выполнены лапароскопические фундопликации: по Ниссену -у 46 (68,7 %), по Дор -у 7 (10,4 %), по Тупе -у 14 (20,9 %)

Цель исследования: оценка диагностических возможностей и результатов хирургического лечения больных с грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ГПОД). Материалы и методы. В отделении хирургии органов пищеварения ГУ «Институт гастроэнтерологии НАМН Украины» за период с 2013 по 2018 год лапароскопические вмешательства по поводу грыж пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы и гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни были выполнены у 119 пациентов. Результаты. Среди оперированных пациентов у 101 (84,9 %) был установлен диагноз «аксиальная ГПОД (тип І)», у 14 (11,8 %) — «параэзофагеальная ГПОД (тип II)», «смешанная ГПОД с укороченным пищеводом (тип III)» — у 4 (3,4 %). Крурорафия выполнена у 100 % пациентов: задняя — у 67 (56,3 %) пациентов, передняя и задняя — у 36 (30,3 %), у 16 (13,4 %) пациентов — сочетанная и аллопластика. Выполнены лапароскопические фундопликации: фундопликация по Нис­сену — у 96 (80,7 %) пациентов, фундопликация по Тупе — у 12 (10,1 %), фундопликация по Дору — у 11 (9,2 %) пациентов. Фундодиафрагмопексия выполнена у 87 (73,1 %). Летальных исходов после оперативных вмешательств не было. Выводы. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о высокой эффективности лапароскопических методов в хирургическом лечении пациентов с ГПОД, хорошо переносятся пациентами и характеризуются небольшим процентом интраоперационных и отсутствием послеоперационных осложнений, что позволяет признать их операциями выбора в лечении данной патологии.

The aim of the study. To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment for patients with hiatal hernia (HH) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in combination with Barrett’s esophagus by developing a new method for surgical correction of the physiological cardia incompetence. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Digestive Surgery of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” in 2020–2021 and involved 56 patients with HH and GERD, among them axial HH was detected in 42 patients (75.0 %) – type I; paraesophageal HH – in 6 patients (10.7 %) – type II; mixed HH – in 8 patients (14.3 %) – type III (code ICD-10 – K44). The diagnosis was established using esophagogastroduodenoscopy (by high-resolution NBI mode), X-ray and histological examinations, manometry. Results. When the diagnosis of HH in combination with Barrett’s esophagus was confirmed, a two-stage treatment was performed. During the first stage, argonoplasmic coagulation of the altered esophageal mucosa was done. Anti-reflux procedures constituted the second stage to remove HH and restore an excessive dilatation of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm by cruroraphy with correction of anti-reflux function of the cardia by fundoplication, angle of His reconstruction and providing free food passage. 11 (19.6 %) patients underwent surgery according to a new technique that provided reliable recovery of cardia physiological functions and preservation of the anatomical relation between the diaphragm and the esophageal-gastric junction and included cruroraphy and fundoplication. Conclusions. Thus, the proposed two-stage method of surgical treatment for patients with HH and GERD in combination with Barrett’s esophagus is highly effective. The application of the proposed method provides the elimination of pathological changes which are visible on conventional endoscopy in the esophageal mucosa, reliable restoration of cardia physiology and preservation of the anatomical relation between the diaphragm and the esophageal-gastric junction. In the post-surgical period, the proposed method of surgical treatment reduces the likelihood of recurrent failure of cardia physiological functions, dysphagia and Barrett’s esophagus.