Bioindication of the environment is one of the actively developing directions of ecology. Information about pollutants and the level of environmental pollution can be obtained as a result of studying the biological reaction of plants to pollution. Ecological palynology is a new direction, when pollen of various woody and herbaceous species is used for bioindication of the level of environmental pollution and the presence of mutagens. The review considers the morphological variability of pollen, its fertility and viability under the influence of pollutants, the possibility of its use as a bioindicator of pollution of urban areas by emissions of vehicle transport and industry.

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Results of analyzing of pollen of Pinus sylvestris in the vicinity of the tailing dump of the Apatit mining processing plant are presented. More than 20 teratomorphs of pollen with various anomalies of development are revealed in the samples, their frequency is very high (80–83%). According to the palynological scale of ecological zoning, the study area can be classified as critically polluted.