Measuring lying and standing blood pressure (BP) is an important clinical observation in older hospital inpatients. This is because a drop in BP on standing, known as orthostatic hypotension (OH) is common in older people and in acute illness and, therefore, in hospital patients. OH increases the risk of a fall in hospital. Simple measures such as changes in medication or rehydration can reduce this drop in BP and reduce the risk of falls.In a recent snapshot audit in England and Wales of 179 acute hospitals and 4,846 patients aged 65 years and over admitted with an acute illness, only 16% had a lying and standing BP recorded within 48 hours.A review of the literature showed that existing advice on how to measure and interpret lying and standing BP was often not appropriate for use on the ward with frail and unwell inpatients. An online survey of 275 clinicians' usual practice highlighted variation and the need for clarity and pragmatism. In the light of the survey findings, a clinical guide has been developed on when to measure lying and standing BP, how to measure it and what is considered a significant result.
despite high levels of patient satisfaction therapeutic exercise provision was limited and implementation of evidence-based exercise interventions by healthcare providers is incomplete and varies widely. Patients and staff wanted greater availability of long-term exercise services for falls prevention.
Article Info Physical education teachers are invited on a daily basis by teachers from other school specialties to give first aid to a variety of emergency and non-emergency situations during the school year. They must therefore assess the situation of the pupils and whether it is serious to call for medical assistance, to accurately recognize their problem, to give them proper immediate help, to arrange for their transfer to their home, to a doctor or to a hospital, to stay together until they come to ambulance or specialist help and finally help if they need it. A thorough review of the literature did not identify a study that explored the knowledge of physical education teachers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation at elementary schools with the European Resuscitation Council scale and this study was conducted to fill this existing research gap. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of physical education teachers working in elementary schools of eastern Attica. For the purposes of the survey, the scale of the European Resuscitation Council, which consisted of 18 items relating to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures, was used. Physical education teachers were tested on the proposals for knowledge in cardiopulmonary resuscitation "right, wrong, do not know". Then the x 2 test was used to compare the education level of physical education teachers and the level of cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge. The analysis of data showed that physical education teachers were no well aware of the process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, the education level did not affect their knowledge cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers, since only three from eighteen items were significant. It is concluded that physical education teachers should training in order to perform satisfactory cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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