BackgroundProopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived beta-endorphin1-31 from immune cells can inhibit inflammatory pain. Here we investigated cytokine signaling pathways regulating POMC gene expression and beta-endorphin production in lymphocytes to augment such analgesic effects.ResultsInterleukin-4 dose-dependently elevated POMC mRNA expression in naïve lymph node-derived cells in vitro, as determined by real-time PCR. This effect was neutralized by janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Transfection of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 1/3 but not of STAT6 decoy oligonucleotides abolished interleukin-4 induced POMC gene expression. STAT3 was phosphorylated in in vitro interleukin-4 stimulated lymphocytes and in lymph nodes draining inflamed paws in vivo. Cellular beta-endorphin increased after combined stimulation with interleukin-4 and concanavalin A. Consistently, in vivo reduction of inflammatory pain by passively transferred T cells improved significantly when donor cells were pretreated with interleukin-4 plus concanavalin A. This effect was blocked by naloxone-methiodide.ConclusionInterleukin-4 can amplify endogenous opioid peptide expression mediated by JAK-STAT1/3 activation in mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Transfer of these cells leads to inhibition of inflammatory pain via activation of peripheral opioid receptors.
a partir de los años setenta, el estudio de la calidad de vida, desde una perspectiva biomédica, psicológica y social, comienza a hacerse más sistemático y relevante en el mundo académico. la calidad de vida se la ha definido, principalmente desde un punto de vista subjetivo (oMS, 1995), destacando la percepción de las personas sobre diversos ámbitos de sus vidas, donde lo importante es destacar la relevancia del contexto social y cultural y del sistema de valores en el que experimentan su vida cotidiana.en cuanto al estudio y la medición de la calidad de vida en la vejez, se ha puesto el énfasis en los aspectos biomédicos de la vida de las personas. Sin embargo, la revisión de bibliografía en el tema muestra que hay otros factores importantes, tales como: grados de autonomía, interacciones y redes sociales, condiciones económicas, vivienda y entorno urbano, actividades recreativas y de ocio, relación con cuidadores y capacidad de tomar decisiones al final de la vida, e incluso, la misma dimensión biográfica, influirían en la percepción de calidad de vida.
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