On the base of practical studies were established the rational parameters of technological processes of production of extruded feed additive. There was determined an expedience of mixture of substandard chicken egg mass and the crushed corn seed in two stages in frame (during 18 s) and blade (during 120…180 s) mixers. There were determined the optimal regimes of mixture extruding: pressure in working zone of extruder 2…3 mPa, consumed force of electric motor 4,0…4,5 kW, temperature on outcome of extruder 110…120 ºС, duration of process 60…120 s, diameter of matrix port 10 mm. There were given the results of study of parameters of quality and nutritive value of extruded feed additive. It was established, that in the process of extruding the quality parameters of food additive are improved at the expense of dextrinization and gelatinization of starch, decrease of bacterial and fungal pollution, disinfection of product. There was proved a possibility to solve problem of utilization of defective eggs at feeding poultry.
According to the literature poultry occupies a leading position in the structure of the meat market. The leader in poultry farming is the production of broiler meat both in the world and in Ukraine. However, in recent years the interest in growing turkeys and turkey meat production increased sharply, as a lucrative business and an alternative to pork and beef. It is estimated that in the world turkey's meat consumption has increased from 1,5 million tones to 5,5 million tones in recent years Israel is the world leader in annual consumption of turkey meat (13.1 kg per head), and USA is the world leader in production of turkey meat (42% of total production). In 2017 turkey meat production in the world amounted to 6.4 million tones, only 34 thousand tones were produced inUkraine of them.The main characteristics of the two turkey breeds are given. They are the bronze-breasted and white-breasted breeds. Almost all modern turkey industrial crosses have come from them. All high-productive turkey crosses are divided into types depending on the weight: light, medium, medium heavy, heavy. Each has its own purpose for use. As a result of the analysis of the literature data, the production indicators for modern turkey crosses and norms of the content of nutrients and biologically active substances in feeds for turkeys of heavy and medium types were generalized. We developed turkey feeding programs based on years of experience, scientific achievements in the industry and fruitful collaboration with feed manufacturers. There are several periods during the life of the turkeys: the period of rearing, pre-laying (rearing of the repair young turkeys) and productive. It is established that young turkeys of various purposes are fed the same rations forup to 17 weeks. According to the developed turkey feeding program the period of rearing consists of 3 phases, during which use starter (1 - 4 weeks for heavy type turkeys and 1 - 8 weeks for medium type turkeys), grower (5 - 13 weeks for heavy type turkeys and 9 - 13 weeks for medium type turkeys) and finisher (14-17 weeks) feed. The pre-laying diet is fed from 18 to 30 weeks to repair young turkeys, and productive diet is fed from 31 weeks.
The article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.
Based on marketing research, it has been proven that a third of consumers in the world prefer poultry meat. It is established that the investment attractiveness of the poultry business, the construction of modern large poultry farms and the creation of powerful vertically integrated companies are due to the speed of return on capital investments and the high profitability of the industry. In order to determine the position of Ukraine on the world market, the rating of 45 countries by the level of consumption and production of poultry meat in 2021 was summarized. The traditional leaders in the production and consumption of meat products are the USA, Brazil and China. Ukraine ranks 21st in terms of production and 23rd in consumption of poultry meat. Most countries have a hortage of meat products and can be potential buyers of Ukrainian meat. Ukraine has all the opportunities and prospects for expanding the export of its own products. It is justified that duck farming is one of the modern dynamic areas of poultry farming and a competitive type of agribusiness, as evidenced by its dynamic development. The perspective and dynamism of this poultry farming area is determined by the high fertility and precociousness of poultry. Duck meat markets are not monopolized by large industrial players, which makes it possible to diversify business and avoid excessive competitive pressure. Export opportunities of niche meat producers to EU countries are significantly inferior in terms of volumes to traditional chicken meat, but this market is distinguished by its ability to pay. Ukraine is one of the largest producers of duck meat in Europe. On a global scale, the duck market is 5% of the chicken market. The low level of duck meat production in the world (except Asia) is explained by the seasonality of consumption. The priority task of the development of duck farming in Ukraine is the protection of the domestic market and the development of the export of products to world markets. Industrial production of duck meat in Ukraine should focus on export to Asian and European countries, where this product is in greater demand than at home. It is established that with proper organization the business of raising ducks is economically feasible and practically waste-free. The main products of production are meat, eggs, down and feathers, droppings and duck liver.
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