All scientific measurements are affected to some degree by both systematic and random errors. The quantification of these errors supports correct interpretation of data, thus supporting scientific progress. Absence of information regarding reliability and accuracy can slow scientific progress, and can lead to a reproducibility crisis. Here we consider both measurement theory and plant biomechanics literature. Drawing from measurement theory literature, we review techniques for assessing both the accuracy and uncertainty of a measurement process. In our survey of plant biomechanics literature, we found that direct assessment of measurement accuracy and uncertainty is not yet common. The advantages and disadvantages of efforts to quantify measurement accuracy and uncertainty are discussed. We conclude with recommended best practices for improving the scientific rigor in plant biomechanics through attention to the issues of measurement accuracy and uncertainty.

An approach is presented whereby the design and replacement of finite life equipment may be approached in a rational manner. Considering manufacturing operations large enough to give a sufficient component population, statistical methods are used to predict failure distributions and attendant cash flows. Cash flows are minimized to yield optimum replacement schedules. Component design is optimized by relating component failure probability to initial investment. By considering component replacement according to the above described optimum replacement schedules, optimum initial investment is determined. The approach is illustrated by the problem of the design and retirement of furnace tubes.