The research was carried out on the experimental field of FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of agroclimatic conditions in the region on the formation of yield and quality of winter wheat grain Saratovskaya 17 against various doses of mineral fertilizers. The experience scheme provided 4 options: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. N20P20K20; 3. N40P40K40; 4. N60P60K60. It was found that precipitation during the resumption of vegetation-flowering had a significant impact on the yield of winter wheat grain (R2=0,78). To characterize the humidification of the territory, hydrothermal coefficient was calculated according to G. T. Selyaninov. In 2019, it was 0.21, which characterizes the period as very dry. In 2017 and 2018 weather conditions for winter wheat were more favorable (SCC 0.92 and 0.75-insufficiently moist). An increase in yield was observed at a SCC of 0.92 (2017) in all variants of the experiment. The correlation coefficient between the yield of the studied crop and the SCC indicator was 0.84, which indicates a significant dependence of winter wheat productivity on hydrothermal conditions that develop during the period from the resumption of vegetation to flowering of the crop. It is important to note that the main factor affecting the accumulation of gluten in winter wheat grain Saratovskaya 17 and changes in its elastic-elastic properties are the conditions of mineral nutrition of plants. The coefficient of determination shows that 60% of the gluten quality was determined by the conditions of plant nutrition and did not depend on the prevailing weather conditions.

The paper presents results of study of the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in the technology of spring wheat cultivation. Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University in 2017-2020 in a five-field grain green manure crop rotation: green manure fallow - winter wheat - spring wheat - soybeans - barley. We studied change of grain yield and quality of spring wheat of Ulyanovskaya 100 variety in the experiment. Mathematical processing of the data showed that a significant increase of spring wheat grain yield was provided on the variants with fertilizer application at a dose of 40 and 60 kg / ha of active agent, which was 0.57 t / ha and 0.73 t / ha, respectively. At the same time, there was an increase of gluten amount up to 27.8% and improvement of its quality in the variant with application of fertilizers at a dose of 60 kg / ha of active agent (73 FDM units), which assigns it to the I quality group. The performed correlation-regression analysis made it possible to reveal the relationship between the grain yield of spring wheat and the conditions of its formation. A direct relationship was revealed between the yield and the background of crop nutrition (r = 0.64). It is important to note that the main factor which influences gluten accumulation in grain is mineral nutrition of plants (R2 = 0.55), the determination coefficient of the dependence of gluten accumulation on the hydrothermal index was R2 = 0.26. The research results showed a close relationship between the mass fraction of gluten and protein in the grain of spring wheat of Ulyanovskaya 100 variety (R2 = 0.70). The accumulation of protein varied from 264 (control) to 509 kg / ha (N60P60K60) within the research years.