Clothes that retain and emanate body odor feel uncomfortable and unclean; subsequently, the adsorption, desorption and removal amounts of malodorous compounds from fabrics with different polarities were examined. 1-Octen-3-one, octanal and isovaleric acid, which are important malodor compounds from the body, were used as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Samples were prepared with unfinished and β-CD finished cotton, nylon and PET fabrics. The amounts of VOCs retained on the fabrics were measured using headspace GC-MS; in addition, the odor intensity of the samples were evaluated by 10 trained panelists. The amounts adsorbed were estimated by weight gain; however, moisture was found to have a larger effect on the increase in weight than VOCs. The polarity of the VOCs decreased in the order of isovaleric acid, octanal and 1-octen-3-one. Despite the exceptionally large amounts of octanal adsorbed on the nylon sample, the amounts of malodorous compounds adsorbed on fabrics increased with the decreasing VOC molecular weight. The unfinished PET sample adsorbed more VOCs than the unfinished-fabric samples. The odor intensity was mostly weaker in the β-CD finished fabrics than in the unfinished fabrics. The odor intensity of the β-CD finished fabrics was lower than unfinished fabrics. The amount of VOCs that remained on the soiled fabric samples after storing in air for 24 hrs decreased with the increasing VOC vapor pressure. Most VOCs were removed by washing; however, more VOCs were left on the β-CD finished fabrics than unfinished fabrics. The intensity of the odor from the unfinished PET and β-CD finished fabrics was stronger and weaker, respectively, than that of other fabrics, even when the same amounts of VOCs remained.

β-CD is produced from starch through enzymatic degradation, and therefore it is an eco-friendly material and isn't harmful to the body. Nylon and PET fabrics are being increasingly used in active wear, as customers prefer this more comfortable and multifunctional material, as it provides antimicrobial properties and the removal of body malodor. That being said, β-CD is a proper material for these purposes. The β-CD was applied to a nylon 66 fabric and a PET fabric which were not pre-modified, and also applied to the fabrics that were modified with O 2 plasma or alkaline solution in order to increase surface roughness. The characteristics of these fabrics were studied. The PET fabric, which was pretreated with a NaOH solution, gains more weight than the PET fabric without pretreatment by the β-CD finishing. A crosslink between nylon 66 or the PET fiber and the β-CD finishing agent was not formed; however, the crosslink was formed in cotton fibers. This was confirmed using FT-IR and TGA analysis. The whiteness decreased little, the value of WT and MIU decreased, and that of B and RT increased with the β-CD finish. All of the β-CD finished fabrics had washing fastness after 10 washing cycles, even though nylon 66 and the PET fibers were not crosslinked with the β-CD finishing agent.

Many Koreans have recently bleached their black hair to blond or a light color due to the influence of their favorite Korean idols. Bleaching effects were studied under various bleaching conditions, such as the concentration of oxidants, the ratio between bleach accelerant and oxidant, and treatment temperature and time. The degree of damage of bleached hair with the same color difference (∆E) intervals was observed in SEM images, the retention of breaking load and the change of color after dyeing. The ratio between bleach accelerant and oxidant of 1:2.5 was an effective condition. L* values of the bleached hair treated with 9% oxidant increased to 90 min. At a treatment temperature of 30 o C, a* values were maximum at 30 min and then decreased as time further increased; however, b* values of the bleached hair increased as the treatment time increased. At 45 o C, both of a* and b* values showed a maximum at a specific time. Bleaching efficiency was influenced most by temperature, followed in order by time, and oxidant concentration. As the treatment time increased, L* values greatly increased with twice treatment; however, a* and b* values decreased. Bleached hair, which had a color difference of higher than 30, showed the scales were completely removed and the retention of the breaking load greatly decreased. Highly bleached hair showed a great decrease in L* values by dyeing; however, dyeing with bright colors was more indicative to the effect of bleaching.

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