The study was conducted to use fish scales powder as animal biomass to prepare epoxy composites. Fish scales powder is beneficial in reducing environmental pollutants. The fish scales powder was added to the epoxy matrix for improving the interfacial bonding between the scales and the epoxy matrix. However, a direct method was used to prepare epoxy composites, and samples were cut according to ASTM standards for mechanical and tribological tests. Interfacial interaction between the fish scales powder and epoxy was investigated by FTIR and SEM. It was found that the fish scales powder contents affect the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of produced composites. Compared to pure epoxy, the load of 10 wt.% fish scales powder increased the tensile strength by 16.0%. As well as, the coefficient of friction was reduced by 16.0% and wear resistance was enhanced by 48.58%. The improvements in the performance of composites are contributed to the hydrogen bonding formed between fish scales powder and epoxy matrix.

In order to meet the requirements of lightweight, high strength, and wear resistance, metal matrix composites are being manufactured with increasing interest, according to recent advancements in material science. Alumina (Al2O3) and Graphite (Gr) were added to the aluminum alloy matrix (AA6061) to increase the dry sliding wear resistance and to explore the impact of normal applied load and sliding speed on the coefficient of friction as well as its wear behavior. The composites were made by the stir casting technique. Hardness and tensile strength were two examples of mechanical qualities that have been assessed. Compared to the unreinforced aluminum alloy, the tensile strength of the metal matrix composites was improved by 17.7%, and the hardness increased by 44.1% at a loading of AA6061 (90wt%)/ Al2O3 (5wt%)/Gr (5wt%). A pin-on-disc tribometer was utilized to analyze the dry sliding tribo-behaviors of AA 6061 alloy reinforced with Al2O3 and Gr by varying the applied load and the sliding distance. The wear resistance of aluminum alloy reinforced with Gr (5wt%)/Al2O3(5wt%) increased by 85.0% when the load was applied at 25N compared to unreinforced aluminum alloy, and the frictional coefficient decreased by 58.0%. Additionally, an optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used to assess the worn surfaces.

Epoxy-based sandwich composites with improved economic efficiency were developed to better utilize composite components with functions such as high mechanical performance and light weight, which influenced quality for load-bearing applications. Herein, an epoxy-based sandwich composite was made by laminating woven basalt fibers (WBFs) as a face sheet on 3D carbon felt foam (3D CFs) as a core material. The cast-in-place process was used to infuse the epoxy solution within the sandwich, resulting in bicontinuous composites with outstanding mechanical characteristics and high performance. In addition, the epoxy solution was combined with a silane coupling agent to boost the composite’s toughness by enhancing the adhesion between the fibers and the epoxy. The mechanical properties of epoxy composites were also found to be much improved when WBFs were used as a face on 3D CF foam. Compared to the epoxy/3DCFs/WBFs composite sandwich to pure epoxy, the flexural and tensile strengths improved by 298.1 and 353.8%, respectively, while the impact strength rose to 135 kJ/m2. This research shows a new way to make a new process for making sandwich composites with epoxy that is cheap and strong.

In this paper we demonstrate physical method (Gamma irradiation technique) for synthesizing Ag-NPs when there is no reduction agent or heat treatment as useful in antimicrobial applications and medical devices. As a strong support, stabilizer, and silver precursor, Chitosan (CS) and AgNO3 were utilized. Ag/Cs characteristics were investigated as a function of gamma dose and -irradiation periods in recent published paper. For conducting the research in Ag-CS-Isopropanol (IPA) by gamma Irradiation method, here we used UV-vis spectroscopy for examining energy gap and Plasmon resonance of surface (SPR) of the produced silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Manufactured Ag-NP UV-vis spectroscopy revealed as the gamma dose increased, the highest wavelength intensity of the plasmon peaks rose. and with energy gap in rang (2.1-2.4) eV. The effect of Ag/CS-APA solutions has examined due on human blood properties and antibacterial activity to water samples selected from local riverbank in Iraq. Overall, the optical characteristic of Ag-CS-APA nanocomposite solution make them promising material for optical thin films and as antibacterial agent in health sector.