Adenosine is a neuromodulator that regulates the body's response to dopamine and another neurotransmitter in the brain that is responsible for motoric, emotion, learning, and memory function. Adenosine is a G-protein-coupled receptor and has four subtypes, which are A 1, A 2A , A 2B , and A 3. Adenosine A 2A is located in the striatum of the brain. Antagonist interferes with GABA releasing, modulates acetylcholine and releases dopamine, and also facilitates dopamine receptor's signaling. Therefore, it can reduce motoric symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Adenosine A 2A antagonist is also believed to have neuroprotective effects. Several compounds have been reported and have undergone clinical test as selective adenosine A 2A antagonists, including istradefylline, preladenant, tozadenant, vipadenant, ST-1535, and SYN-115. Nonselective adenosine A 2A antagonists from natural compounds are caffeine and theophylline.

The first computer was Mac Mini (Apple Inc., USA), Intel® Core TM i5-2450M with CPU (Intel® Core TM , USA), GPU Intel Iris 1536 MB (Intel® Core TM , USA) and Random Access Memory (RAM), 8 GB DDR3 with × Yosemite 10.10 operating system. The second computer was MacBook Air with Intel® Core™ i5, GPU Intel HD Graphics 6000 1536 MB, RAM 4GB, 1600 MHz DDR3 run with the MacOS High Sierra operating system.