The agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors affects the Quality of Life and self-esteem of patients. The management of such patients can be done by either opening the space and replacing it with the prosthesis or closing the space and substituting the canine as a lateral incisor. The choice of treatment decision depends upon the proper diagnosis and treatment planning of the case. In this case report, a skeletal class II patient with dental diagnosis Angle’s class II malocclusion and spacing in the maxillary arch due to missing lateral incisors is presented with the chief complaint of gap in the upper front region of jaw which is effectively treated with orthodontic space closure followed by a restorative procedure.

Pseudo class III malocclusion is due to immature contact of incisors resulting in a forward shift of mandible. A 13-year-old male patient presented with the complaint of inability to bite properly with pseudo skeletal class III malocclusion, functional shift, and reverse overjet which was treated with fixed orthodontic treatment. The total treatment duration was 21 months in which correction of the discrepancy between centric occlusion and centric relation and improvement of the smile of the patient was achieved. Early and timely diagnosis of pseudo class III malocclusion will lead to a successful outcome with fixed orthodontic therapy.

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs and it may spread to other organs. Sputum smear and culture conversion are important indicators for the patients at National Tuberculosis Centre in Nepal. Methods:and under antitubercular therapy were monitored for sputum smear and culture conversion time. The blood specimens from each patient were processed for hemoglobin, platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and blood glucose levels. Patient's clinical history, risk factors that prolong conversion time and sociodemographic information were also collected by direct interview.Results: The mean sputum smear and culture conversion were found to be 54.4 days and 45.5 days respectively. Old age, smoking habit, low body mass index value, Treatment category II, initial bacillary load and abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were found to be associated with long sputum conversion time. Radiographic involvement of only left lungs, presence of fewer symptoms, aged between 15-45 years, having normal weight, without smoking habit and being married, were found to be associated with short sputum conversion time.Conclusions: The sputum microscopy, old age, smoking habit, low body mass index value, treatment category II, initial bacillary load and abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate value had been found to

Maxillary canines affect the smile and facial esthetics providing upper lip and alar base support. This article presents the case report of skeletal class I malocclusion with Angle’s class III (Right) subdivision and impacted left maxillary canine of poor prognosis for traction which was managed successfully with a combined surgical and orthodontic approach. The diagnosis of the impaction was done through the Orthopantogram, intra-oral periapical, and occlusal radiographs and was localized buccally through clinical examination and Clark’s technique. The impacted canine was brought into the arch which improved the smile and self-esteem of the patient.

Maxillary anterior teeth are often referred to as “social six”; if ectopically placed affect the quality of life of the patient. This article presents a case report of a skeletal class II patient with Angle’s class II malocclusion and ectopically erupted right maxillary central incisor which is managed with fixed orthodontics. This highlights the importance of proper history taking, careful examination, and proper investigations in reaching the diagnosis and formulation of the treatment plan. This case report also explains how the piggyback technique can be used for the traction of ectopically placed maxillary incisors and bring about satisfactory results and improve the confidence and self-esteem of the patient.