Bone loss in postmenopausal women is majorly due to estrogen deficiency. The objective of this study was to determine correlates of serum C-Terminal Telopeptides of Type I Collagen levels (Ctx), a bone resorption marker, in rural postmenopausal women as compared with their premenopausal counterparts. The study was carried out on 38 premenopausal and 75 postmenopausal women in Zuturung, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Subjects were selected, questionnaires were administered to them, anthropometric parameters were determined and fasting blood samples were collected by venipuncture. The blood samples were centrifuged and the samples stored for further analysis using standard methods in the Department of Chemical Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika. Results were presented as mean ± SD, data were analyzed using student t test, and a p value of <0.05 considered to be significant while associations between variables were determined by Pearsons’ correlation using SPSS version 23. The postmenopausal subjects had reduced mean serum calcium (2.30±0.35mg/dL), decreased mean serum Ctx (135.20±42.90ng/mL) and a longer mean waist circumference (89.63±10.66cm) as compared with the premenopausal women (2.37±0.15mg/dL, 155.90±88.70ng/mL & 83.73±8.00cm respectively). While the waist circumference demonstrated a negative correlation with mean serum Ctx that however was not significant (p>0.05). The mean serum Ctx of postmenopausal women with different educational status of the postmenopausal women showed no significant difference. In conclusion, rural postmenopausal women had a lower mean serum calcium and mean serum C-tx (a bone resorption marker) than premenopausal women. They also presented with a longer waist circumference, a negative correlation of their waist circumference with the mean serum Ctx with an equally no significant difference in mean Ctx level in their respective educational status.

Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity is a major concern in patients taking anti tuberculosis treatment and prophylaxis. It can result in elevated serum liver enzymes and hepatic failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and ameliorative effects of aqueous extracts of Brysocarpus coccineus on serum liver enzymes in isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of six rats each and were treated orally for 30 days as follows: Group I: 1 ml/kg of distilled water; group II: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg); group III: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + Livolin forte (20 mg/kg); group IV: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (200 mg/kg); group V: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (400 mg/kg); group VI: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (800 mg/kg).At the end of the experiments, the Wistar rats were sacrificed and sera obtained for liver enzymes assay, whereas the liver tissue was also harvested and used for histological studies. Tanins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were quantitatively present at 2.29%, 18.05%, 23.24% and 18.99%, respectively. There was an increase in the serum AST and ALT in the isoniazid treated group, which was reversed by livolin forte and the aqueous extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg, however the extracts increased the serum levels of AST and ALT at higher doses, which was however not significant (p > 0.05) when compared to the controls. There was evidence of a reduction in hepatocytes