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As in the other countries around the world, banking systems in Eurasia economies, comprised of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, were adversely affected by the 2008 global crisis; A common challenge across most economies is to revive private-sector credit growth. Compared with the high increases of 80 percent in the period immediately prior to the crisis, credit growth has slowed sharply and even turned negative in real terms in a number of economies. Governments in many countries have taken measures to address banking sector stress. The measures for restoring credit growth and thus a high economic growth will be discussed in a part of our work. In the short run, such measures include aiding banks to repair balance sheets and also providing liquidity. In the medium term, measures should promote de-dollarization and the development of local debt markets.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of the delta neutrophil index (DNI), an index expressing the number of immature granulocytes as a proportion of the total, as an inflammatory marker in predicting serious bacterial infections (SBIs). Methods Paediatric patients admitted to our hospital with fever were divided into four groups: SBI, non‐SBI, COVID‐19 and control group. White blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, C‐reactive protein and the DNI were recorded, and their accuracy in predicting SBI was evaluated. Results Mean DNI was 4.96 ± 8.38 in the SBI group (150 patients), 0.67 ± 1.68 in the non‐SBI group (397 patients), 0.29 ± 0.99 in the COVID‐19 group (112 patients) and 0.14 ± 0.21 in the control group (102 patients). The DNI was significantly higher in the SBI group compared with the non‐SBI (P < 0.001); the non‐SBI group also had higher levels than the COVID‐19 group (P = 0.005). One percent increase in the DNI increased the SBI rate 1.36 times (odds ratio 1.36 (95% confidence interval 1.23–1.49), P < 0.001). Based on the determined cut‐off value (>2.5%), the DNI (odds ratio 6.27 (95% confidence interval 3.85–10.21), P < 0.001) significantly predicted SBIs with 90.4% specificity and 47.7% sensitivity. Conclusions SBIs in childrenare associated with an increase in DNI levels. Compared to other biomarkers, the DNI had higher specificity in predicting SBIs. The DNI may also be usefulin differentiating bacterial and non‐bacterial infections in individualclinical syndromes. Currently, there is no evidence that serum DNI aids indifferentiating COVID‐19 and upper respiratory tract infection.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the short and the long run relationships between bilateral export performance of China to United States using variables such as the real exchange rate of dollar to yuan, the growth of per capita US GDP, the growth of per capita Chinese GDP. The annual data covers the period between 2001 and 2018. The Johansen testing approach to cointegration is performed in the estimation process. The causalities among the variables in the model are determined based on the estimated models. The empirical results reveal that the variables of interest are cointegrated. Real exchange rate has no significant effect on Chinese exports to the US, whereas the growth of per capita US GDP and the growth of per capita GDP of China have positive and significant effects. Our findings suggest that United States should concentrate on the growth of both two countries rather than focusing on the low level of Chinese domestic currency.