In this study, low-cost biochar adsorbent originated from camel bone was prepared by physical treatment, and the prepared camel bone biochar for the removal of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ from aqueous solutions was examined. The characterization of the prepared biochar adsorbent before and after the treatment with the metal solutions was done by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and BET surface isotherm. The bone sample was pyrolyzed at temperature 500, 600, 800, and 900 °C. Adsorption efficiency of Pb and Cd were optimized by varying different parameters viz., pH, pHz, contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Nature of the adsorption process is predicted by using adsorption kinetic, isotherms, and thermodynamic models. The results revealed that the effective pyrolysis of camel bone achieved at 800 °C which possess high removal capacity. The maximum adsorption removal percentage for Cd and Pb were 99.4 and 99.89%, respectively at contact time of 1 h, adsorbent dosage of 1 g, pH=5, and initial metal concentration 10 mg/L of both metal salts. The kinetic results of cadmium and lead adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order model and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm.

Background: Bone biochare is used widely as an adsorbent in water pollution control; because of its high surface area and pore volumes . This study is attempting to prepare a low cost adsorbent (biochare) from the waste fish bone by chemical activation, and uses it for the removal of Pb and Cd from wastewater. Fish bone adsorbent was prepared by two methods, one by activation with different chemical activators include 0.001 M HNO3, 0.1 M NaOH, 0.5 % H2O2, and ethanol ( FB) . The other method by calcination after the chemical activation at 600oC (FB-Hy). The synthesized fish biochare adsorbents were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), BET surface area, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The efficiency of the prepared adsorbents for removal Pb and Cd were investigated as a function of contact time, pH,solution temperature, initial metal concentration, and adsorbent dose. Metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy .Results: The results reveal that activation of the fish bone by 0.1 M NaOH is the suitable for the higher adsorption of Pb and Cd than with the other activators. The chemically treated bone adsorbent by 0.1 M NaOH (FB) shows higher removal of Pb and Cd than with that chemically calcinated adsorbent (FB-Hy). The maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd on the chemically prepared adsorbent(FB) were 99.74 and 99.35 % , respectively at optimum conditions. The results of kinetic adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order model. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied in which the adsorption fitted with the Langmuir isothermConclusion: This study ended with the success for preparing an ecofriendly and low cost fish bone adsorbent from the waste fish bone, and used it for the removal of Pb and Cd from polluted water

Bone biochare is used widely as an adsorbent in water pollution control; because of its high surface area and pore volumes . This study is attempting to prepare a low cost adsorbent from waste fish bone by chemical activation, and uses it for the removal of Pb and Cd from polluted water. Two methods were used for preparation of fish bone adsorbents. The first method includes the chemical activation of waste fish bone using different chemical activators ( 0.001 M HNO3, 0.1 M NaOH, 0.5 % H2O2, and ethanol), while the second one includes calcination of waste fish bone after the chemical activation at 600oC. The synthesized fish bone adsorbents were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), BET surface area, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The efficiency of the prepared adsorbents for removal of Pb and Cd were investigated as a function of contact time, solution pH, solution temperature, initial metal concentration, and adsorbent dose. Metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy . The results reveal that activation of the waste fish bone by 0.1 M NaOH is the suitable for the higher adsorption of Pb and Cd than with the other activators. The maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd on the chemically prepared adsorbent were 99.74 and 99.35 % , respectively at optimum conditions. The results of kinetic adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order model. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied , and the adsorption was found to be fitted well with the Langmuir model. This study ended with the success for preparing an ecofriendly and low cost fish bone adsorbent from the waste fish bone, and used it for the removal of Pb and Cd from polluted water