The China–Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) is a collection of different ongoing projects including transportation, infrastructure, the Gwadar seaport, oil pipeline, and internet connection zone projects. The Chinese government has adopted a development strategy for infrastructure growth and investment in Pakistani and Asian territories through the CPEC project. Transportation is considered the backbone of the CPEC. In addition to the CPEC project is the linked “belt and road initiative” (BRI) project, which aims to enhance regional connectivity and is a harbinger of the future in Asia, as well as in European countries. However, uncertain situations, such as a lack of proper planning, security, and political stability, hinder the growth and development of infrastructure. Three corridors of the CPEC road transportation network, namely, the eastern, the western, and future central alignment, have been examined through a master supposition group using the Delphi technique, which has never been applied to the road transportation network in the CPEC plan. The review is designed to draw master conclusions and demonstrate an outcome for round one and two in the present work. Round one and two investigate the impact of stakeholder support, politicians’ roles, terrorism, security situations, poverty, and economic crises. Using the Delphi technique within the host country hinders the construction of the road network. The results obtained through the appraisal have justified the present potential endeavor.

This study investigates the debt overhang hypothesis for Pakistan in the period 1960-2007. The study examines empirically the dynamic behaviour of GDP, debt services, the employed labour force and investment using the time series concepts of unit roots, cointegration, error correlation and causality. Our findings suggest that debt-servicing has a negative impact on the productivity of both labour and capital, and that in turn has adversely affected economic growth. By severely constraining the ability of the country to service debt, this lends support to the debt-overhang hypothesis in Pakistan. The long run relation between debt services and economic growth implies that future increases in output will drain away in form of high debt service payments to lender country as external debt acts like a tax on output. More specifically, foreign creditors will benefit more from the rise in productivity than will domestic producers and labour. This suggests that domestic labour and capital are the ultimate losers from this heavy debt burden.

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A theoretical investigation is accomplished by considering a viscous flow over a porous and stretching (shrinking) cylinder of non-uniform radius. The stretching (shrinking) and injection (suction) velocities are dependent upon the axial coordinate (z). Moreover, the circular porous duct has a non-uniform shape whose surface geometry is such that ( ) ( )2 . The current model is the generalization of all such models, which describe the fluid flow over a stretching (shrinking), porous (uniform/variable, both injection and suction can take place) and non-uniform (uniform) cylinder. More precisely, the classical simulations can be retrieved easily from the modeled problem. If we adjust and manipulate the parameters of the modeled problem accordingly, then we may convert the current model into all previous cases of flow problems on the above title. By means of generalized and unusual similarity transformations for the velocity components and similarity variables, the governing equations along with boundary conditions are converted into a set of differential equations (DEs). The last DEs have variable coefficients of arbitrary and multiple degrees and their significant contribution is replicated in the solutions of the modeled equations. The final problem involves a set of parameters and their properties are directly associated with the different physical mechanisms taken into account. The closed form solutions (exponential and rational functions) of the problem are found for fixed and special values of the parameters. On the other hand, curvature effects are examined on flow properties. The modeled equations are solved numerically and new results are found.