The results of three studies of the mental resources of the elderly and old age are presented. The total sample size was 464 people aged 55 to 90 years. A study was made of mental resources (subjective age, cognitive and affective components of Theory of Mind), as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. In all studies, the subjective age and the quality of life and health were studied as indicators of successful aging. The importance of mental resources (understanding of emotions, deception), subjective cognitive illusion of age (feeling younger than his years) for subjective satisfaction with life and health, coupled with lifestyle (active retirees and dependent on social assistance) is shown. Pensioners who lead an active lifestyle and pensioners that are dependent on social assistance perceive themselves younger than their years, although the subjective age is not interconnected with the quality of life and physical health of active people. Changes occur in the psychological systems of resources during the transition from the elderly to the senile age; at this period the growth of disease and cognitive preservation, along with psychological predictors, become a condition of life satisfaction.
Приведены результаты исследования фуражировочной активности муравьев в лесостепных биотопах Саратовской области. Установлено, что пищевой спектр муравьев состоит из некрупных беспозвоночных, в основном насекомых, семян растений и пади тлей. Муравьи способны переключаться на наиболее массовый вид корма. В зависимости от погодных условий Formica pratensis ведет себя как вид с дневным или утренне-вечерним типом активности, а F. rufa-как вид с дневным типом активности..
The article deals with the peculiarities of psychological and physical health components as the life quality indicators in correlation with the time perspective at the late ontogenesis stage (aged 58–93) in groups of people leading different lifestyles: elderly non-working people who are at home-based social services; elderly non-working people, leading an active lifestyle. It has been established that subjective indicators of life quality is at the rather low level and decreases with age. An active lifestyle, as well as cohabitation living, contributes to keep higher life quality. The prevailing temporal orientations in the general sample are «Future» and «Positive Past». A balanced time perspective is observed in one third of respondents. The Past and the Present are correlated, while the mode of the future is isolated. Active pensioners are more future-oriented then the older people at social services. The age of 64–75 years is the most balanced, when all three aspects of time are actualised and integrated in the personality time perspective. Single or cohabiting living does not affect the personality time perspective. The life quality is correlated with the time perspective: the factors «Hedonistic present», «Fatalistic present» and «Negative past» are mainly related to the psychological component of health and its parameters.
Муравьи-важнейший компонент экосистем. Их успех обусловлен социальной организацией, способностью изменять место обитания и использовать разнообразные пищевые ресурсы. К кормовым объектам муравьев относятся некрупные беспозвоночные, семена растений и падь тлей. Активность муравьев в сообществе приурочена к разным временным интервалам. В исследованных ассоциациях установлены доминирующие по численности группы муравьев (вид Tetramorium caespitum-в лесном биотопе; Lasius alienus и виды рода Myrmica-в степном). Установлен спектр мирмекофильных жуков из 5 видов, обитающих в муравейниках изученных видов. Ключевые слова: муравьи, пищевой спектр, активность, Национальный парк «Хвалынский».
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