This research aimed at assessing the factors influencing the implementation of ISO 14001 in Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, primary data were collected using a survey questionnaire that was administered to a representative sample of companies in the Jeddah area. The results indicate that the main drivers behind the adoption of the ISO 14001 standard among Saudi companies are corporate image, status, and to some extent the improvement of environmental performance. Hence, the findings suggest that a legitimacy-based model best fits Saudi companies. However, the study also reveals that there are important barriers hindering the adoption of the standard. Among these, the lack of government support and appropriate legislation together with limited pressure from stakeholders as well as the certification costs involved and the huge amount of documentation required are the most prominent. This explains the low number of certified companies in Saudi Arabia. Overall, the study reveals that companies are less likely to voluntarily consider adopting the standard and that the government should develop strategies, policy reforms and incentive schemes to reduce the barriers to implementing ISO 14001.

Learning is not limited to a certain age group or a formal study environment.  However, the first eight years, and particularly the first three years, are most important, as the effects of the care and attention provided to the child during this period will continue throughout his or her life. A child’s early learning processes develop their educational abilities and skills, and fosters their academic achievements.Preschool can be very benefit to development and learning for children, but there are differences between countries in this area. It can reduce the repetition in the classroom and can raise achievement scores for students through the preschool programs of high quality (Jacobson and Linda 2008). There are many applications in the Middle East that teach kids, but there is didn't link between the vowels of the Arabic alphabet characters and verbally voice for each character and training to select correct format of Arabic alphabet like (fatha, dama and kasra). This study aims to develop an educational application for children from the ages of 3 to 5 to help them improve their skills and abilities. The application will also prepare them for school by teaching them the Arabic letters, pronunciation and the short vowels (fatha, dama and kasra). The application also aims to help children communicate and interact more effectively with their external environment by employing several theories about learning skills, such as Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, Edger Dale’s Cone of Learning and Bloom's Taxonomy of Cognitive Goals. The application will focus on the first three levels of Bloom's Taxonomy Pyramid which are ‘Remember’, ‘Understand’ and ‘Apply’. Furthermore, the application will be designed to aid children with their Arabic pronunciation, and aural and oral skills, and train and educate them in preparation for attending school. The expected result is that it will be considerably better than educational books for children’s education. Combining education and play in e-learning applications is an important way to attract children.

Saudi Arabia is an important country among the Middle Eastern nations and a pivotal one because of its key position in international petroleum production. Sustainable practices are becoming prominent considerations among public and private sector Saudi Arabian business enterprises. Secondary and primary data pertaining to sustainability and carbon management practices in Saudi Arabia and its business enterprises were analyzed in this study. Saudi Arabian government has been serious in tackling the environmental problems. Primary data revealed private sector managers were better prepared and eager to deal with sustainability and carbon management problems compared to public sector enterprises. Surveyed Saudi managers reported hope that their employers would start rewarding positive sustainability actions and focus on educating managers about carbon management practices. There is a need to reform the educational system to prepare future managers who are ready to implement sustainability policies in their organizations. The findings of this project can assist Saudi Arabian policymakers and leadership of public and private sector universities to restructure the higher education sector to prepare students for the jobs of the future and help Saudi Arabia in pursuing sustainability goals.

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In order to enhance sustainability in the workplace, recent research has focused on the practices which can promote employees' green behaviour. However, there is little work that examines the extent to which companies use HRM practices to foster green bahaviour. This study has investigated this issue through a survey conducted in a government agency in Saudi Arabia. Overall, the findings suggest that senior managers are aware of the importance of green workplace behaviour and recognize that a certain number of HRM practices can promote and support this behaviour. However, these practices are not used effectively and senior managers can only marginally foster pro-environmental behaviour in their organization.