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The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is dependent on the presence of clinical and paraclinical evidence demonstrating dissemination of central nervous system lesions in both space and time, as well as the exclusion of other disorders. Diagnostic criteria were originally promulgated in 1965 by the Schumacher committee and modified subsequently by the Poser committee to include paraclinical evidence. The most recent criteria are the 2010 modifications of the 2001 McDonald criteria, which are focused on making an earlier diagnosis of MS. This article provides guidelines, derived from clinical experience as well as evidence-based medicine, for the diagnosis and management of MS with special emphasis on practices in the Middle East.

The impact of high-quality early intervention services on the prognosis of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their family's well-being has been extensively documented (see Warren et al., 2011). Access to these services depends upon an early diagnosis but also on other factors, such as the services' availability and families' situation (Austin et al., 2016). Most families will incur delays in obtaining a diagnosis, and subsequently, enrolment in an early intervention programme, which in turn leads to suboptimal clinical outcomes. Such a situation has been reported in several countries, namely the United Kingdom (Crane, Chester, Goddard,

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