Hepatocellular carcinoma is a kind of cancer that affects the liver. HCC consider the main reason for the great ratio of cancer deaths worldwide. In Europe and the United States, its occurrence is quickly elevating, due to the present epidemic of hepatitis C virus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cases. Patients with HCC have a prognosis that is impacted by many factors as tumor stage, with therapeutic choices only obtainable for patients who have been diagnosed early. Currently, the main effective therapy for HCC is considered surgery, which includes transplantation resection. Moreover, rates of recurrence are increased and in the long run duration, the chance of surviving is slim. Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been proven to be effective in giving clinical advantages or lengthy patients' survival with developed HCC. Cisplatin is considered one of the main medications used in the conventional treatment of several cancers in different organs. Latterly, many hopeful results of utilizing have been demonstrated cisplatin in the therapy of patients with HCC has developed, in addition, Doxorubicin has a wide range of anti-tumor properties. The importance of early discovery through surveillance programs cannot be overstated. Therefore, the assessment of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound for patients at risk of developing HCC are recommended in HCC guidelines all around the world. Therefore, the treatment with cisplatin and doxorubicin significantly reduced the elevation in the levels of AFP in HepG-2 cells. Moreover, The findings showed that doxorubicin and cisplatin can inhibit HCC cell proliferation by enhancing hepatocyte function.

Background: Mortality due to HCC is the fourth most common cause of mortality among Americans. Furthermore, HCC is most common in Asia and Africa, where hepatitis C and B are prevalent. Hepatocellular cancer therapy relies heavily on chemotherapy, from between the chemotherapy medicines cisplatin and doxorubicin, two of the most widely prescribed for the treatment of liver cancer. Aim of the study: To determine the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and doxorubicin in HepG2 cell line by the methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay and assess nitric oxide (NO) levels and their significance as oxidative status markers in the progression of HCC. Material and Methods: HepG2 cells were incubated with different drugs concentrations. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined the methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) for cisplatin and doxorubicin. Results: IC50 values for HepG2 were found for doxorubicin and cisplatin (1.679 μg and 4.323 μg ), respectively. The NO levels in the HepG2 cell line treated with Cisplatin and Doxorubicin were measured. We found limited elevated NO levels after treating HepG 2 cell lines by doxorubicin. Moreover, there was significant inhibition in NO levels after treating with cisplatin. Conclusion: The findings suggest that nitric oxide levels can be utilized as a new diagnostic marker with predictive value for HCC.

Background: Carcinoma of the liver is the sixth most frequent malignancy in humans and is accountable for more than 600,000 deaths annually. According to the statistics, hepatocellular carcinoma patients typically die within a year after being diagnosed. As 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the primary chemotherapeutic agent for most different types of cancers, is now routinely monitored via therapeutic drug monitoring, it has contributed to better clinical results. Many studies indicated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in different cancers as a pro-neoplastic or anti-neoplastic effector, but its function remains unclear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim of the study: The study's overall purpose was to look into the efficacy and toxicities of 5-fluorouracil on the biological behavior of HepG2 cell line by the methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay and evaluate nitric oxide levels in monitoring the progression of HCC. Material and Methods: HepG2 cell line was incubated with different concentrations of 5-Fluorouracil as a chemotherapy drug. The effects of 5-Fluorouracil on cell proliferation, morphology, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by the methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT). Results: The IC50 values for 5-Fluorouracil in HepG2 cells was (12.92±0.085μg), moreover the NO levels in the HepG2 cell line treated with 5-Fluorouracil were measured. We found significant inhibition in NO levels after treating HepG 2 cell lines by 5-Fluorouracil. Conclusion: The change in NO levels following chemotherapy helps predict treatment response in HepG-2 cells.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide nowadays. In Egypt, the cancer is frequently discovered at an advanced stage, at which no therapy, even surgery, is successful. Early detection of the disease is critical because it enables the patients to be treated prior to enlarging or metastasizing to distant organs. A tumor marker is a serological agent whose blood level may indicate the existence of the tumor in the early stages. The gold standard and more reliable biomarkers for HCC is alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Aim of the study: To determine the cytotoxicity and Selectivity index of 5-Fluorouracil in HepG2 and WI-38 cell lines by the methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay and assess alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels as a tumor marker in the progression of HCC. Material and Methods: HepG2 and WI-38 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 5-Fluorouracil as a standard chemotherapy drug. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined the methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) for 5-Fluorouracil. Results: IC50 values for HepG2 and WI-38 were found for 5-Fluorouracil (32.533±0.777μM and 63.400±0.624μM ), respectively. Moreover, the selective index value of 5-Fluorouracil was (1.949±0.027μM). The AFP levels in the HepG2 cell line treated with 5-Fluorouracil were measured. We found significant inhibition in AFP levels after treating HepG 2 cell lines by 5-Fluorouracil. Conclusion: The change in AFP levels following chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil is beneficial for predicting treatment response in the HepG-2 cell line.