The purple scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is one of the most important pests attacking mango. The present paper includes population dynamics of the purple scale, L. beckii and its parasitoid. Dynamics of L. beckii and its parasitoid on mango trees was carried out in Giza, governorate, during 2009 and 2010. Only one parasitoid recorded in this work was Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Statistical analysis of the effect of weather factors on the population of L. beckii and its parasitoid during the two years under consideration was explained. The results indicated that maximum and minimum temperatures was significant on the population of L. beckii and its parasitoid, A. lepidosaphes while percent of relative humidity it is nonsignificant. As well as obtained results over both years indicated the occurrence of three generations per year for L. beckii on mango in Giza.

The cottony camellia scale, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood) (Hemiptera : Coccidae) is considered one of the most important pest infesting different crops in Egypt. The aim of this work is to study the survey of host plants and natural enemies of the cottony camellia scale P. floccifera in Egypt as well as the biological studies of the cottony camellia scale P. floccifera on citrus, fig and guava. The obtained results indicated that the list of host plant including 12 species recorded infested the cottony camellia scale, P. floccifera. Seven species recorded here for the first time in Egypt. Also, the updating lists including 14 parasitoid and 17 predator species, four and five species of parasitoids and predators recorded here for the first time in Egypt associated with the cottony camellia scale, P. floccifera, respectively. Temperatures greatly influenced the development of P. floccifera. The lowering of the temperature increased the dimension of the cottony camellia scale and prolonged the developmental period. The results on citrus, fig and guava showed that the life cycle of P. floccifera at 30 o C were 71.5±5.75, 80.7 ±5.00 and 58.7±0.35 days, respectively. These results indicated that the cottony camellia scale, P. floccifera prefers guava, followed by citrus and fig.

Aphelinids (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) are the most important parasitoids of, armored scale, soft scale insects ( Hemiptera: Coccoidea ) and whiteflies ( Hemiptera: Alyerodoidea). The present work dealt with the diagnosis and abundance and the role of this group in controlling armored scale, soft scale insects and whiteflies. The results indicated that 17 parasitoids and hyperparasitiods were reared from samples of armored , soft scale insects and whiteflies in different locations in Egypt. These parasitoid and hyperparasitiod species were collected from 7 armored, soft scale insects and whiteflies and distributed in 5 Governorates (Alexandria, Assuit, Ismailia, Fayoum and Matruh). The maximum rate of parasitism of armored scale insects parasitoids ranged between 12-59% during the two years under consideration. While the maximum rate of parasitism of soft scale insects and whiteflies parasitoids ranged between 13-28% and 39-58%,. during the two years under consideration, respectively. This result indicated that some parasitoids of armored, soft scale insects and whiteflies were effective in controlling them.

The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.

Pear psyllid, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) was recorded as a new pest on pear trees in Ismailiya Governorate, Egypt (Ahmed, 2007). The infestation of the pest causes leaves yellowish, local lesions due to toxic saliva, defoliation, loss in plant vigour and shrinking of fruits then dropping in premature stage. The nymphs and adults excrete large amounts of honeydew which encourage the growth of sooty mould and the infested leaves acquire the dirty black appearance that effect on the photosynthesis. The seasonal activity of C. pyricolawas studied on pear trees during two successive years,2013 &2014 in Ismailiya Governorate. The obtained results showed that, the adults have two forms, the first one is winter form whereas, spends winter season in diapause and the other one is summer form which responsible much of damages. The pear psyllid, C. pyricolahas two overlapping generations per year, the first generation occurred from early February to mid-June, peaked in early May with duration about 4.5 months; the second generation started from mid June to early November, peaked in early September with duration about 4.5 months. The duration of generation affected significantly with the tested weather factors (mean temperatures and % RH). The combined effect of the tested factors on the population activity ranged 70.5&73.5% in the 1 st generation of activity and 66.8& 65.2% in the 2 nd one for both years, respectively.