In this paper, green and facile synthesis of sulfur-and nitrogen-codoped carbon nanospheres (CNs) was prepared from the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L by a direct hydrothermal method. Finally, sulfur-carbon nanospheres (CNs) were used as the adsorbent to remove Pb +2 ions from aqueous solutions because of the high surface area of S-CNs from CNs and N-CNs. e synthesized nanospheres were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. e results show spherical shapes have a particle size of up to 65 nm with a high surface area capable of absorbing lead ions efficiently. Additionally, the factors affecting the process of adsorption that include equilibrium time, temperature, pH solution, ionic intensity, and adsorbent dose were studied. e equilibrium removal efficiency was studied employing Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm forms. e kinetic data were analyzed with two different kinetic models, and both apply to the adsorption process depending on the values of correlation coefficients. e thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy change (ΔH°), and standard entropy change (ΔS°) were calculated for the adsorption process.

The objective of this study involves the synthesis of carbon nanospheres(CNS) from incomplete burning of Iraqi diesel.Also, the synthesized CNS were further treated with hydrochloric acid and sonicated for 1 hour to achieve modified CNS.The results reveal that the produced carbon nanoparticles much smaller than those from the conventional diesel combustion.CNS were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), X-rays diffraction(XRD), Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR spectra showed a change is in nature of functional groups and exiting of adsorbed impurities on surfaceof synthesized carbonic materials. The results obtained from of SEM and XRD show a similar structure and morphology of the new materials. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) analyses indicate a gradual weight loss in the temperature range from 0°C to about 700°C.AFM and BET analysis indicted a similar topology and surface area values of both materials. EDS analysis exhibited that carbon was the main product of diesel combustion.

A series of liquid crystals comprising a heterocyclics dihydro pyrrole and 1,2,3-triazole rings [VII]-[X]  were synthesized by many steps starting from a reaction of 3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine with chloroacetyl chloride in a mixture of solutions DMF and TEA to synthesise the compounds [I], then the compounds [I] reacted with malononitrile in 1,4-dioxane and TEA solutions to produce compounds [II], then the first step is repeated with compound [II] where it reacted with chloroacetyl chloride in mixture of DMF and TEA to give compound [III], this compound reacted with sodium azide in the presence of sodium chloride and DMF as solvent to produce the compound [IV], which reacted with acrylic acid by a 1.3 dipolar reaction in solvent THF to give compound [V], this compound which reacted with thionyl chloride to gave carbonyl chlorides compound [VI], finally the last compound reacted with a variety of amines to product compounds [VII]a-d. The structures of the synthesized compounds were actually determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR, The properties of liquid crystalline were characterized by hot stage Polarising Optical Microscope POM. The synthesized molecules exhibited enantiotropic liquid crystal phases, and the compounds [VII]a-d exhibited an enantiotropic nematic phase only.liquid crystal

The study involves the synthesis of nanoparticles soot from burning Iraqi kerosene. The prepared particles are treated by three ways: Hydrogen peroxide treatment, hydrochloric acid treatment and sodium hydroxide treatment, then subsequent sonication were performed for 1 hour. Finally, the nano soot particles were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDX and TGA. The change is in nature of bonding and impurities in preparing carbonic materials, which are studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy (

No abstract