No abstract

In this paper, recent advances in neurobiology of ADHD and TS are reviewed, providing a basis for understanding the complex common pathogenesis underlying the frequent co-occurrence of the two conditions and the therapeutic choices.

Focal epilepsy with ictal abdominal pain is an unusual partial epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal episodes of abdominal or visceral pain, disturbance of awareness and electroencephalographic abnormalities. We describe a new case of ictal abdominal pain in which gastrointestinal complaints were the only manifestation of seizures and review the previously described pediatric patients. In our patient clinical findings, ictal EEG abnormalities, and a good response to antiepileptic drugs allowed us to make a diagnosis of focal epilepsy with ictal abdominal pain. This is a rare epileptic phenomenon that should be suspected in patients with unexplained paroxysmal abdominal pain and migraine-like symptoms. We suggest that, after the exclusion of more common etiologies, focal epilepsy with ictal abdominal pain should be considered in patients with paroxysmal abdominal pain and ictal EEG abnormalities.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an uncommon neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by skin lesions, ocular abnormalities, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Mutations in IKBKG gene were discovered as a cause of IP. The most frequent neurologic manifestations are seizures, usually observed in the first week, and sometimes in the first year of life or in childhood. The most frequent types of presenting seizures are partial clonic or generalized seizures. Epilepsy usually showed a good prognosis in most patients with a good response to treatment. However, in some patients a more severe epilepsy related to various degree of CNS involvement can occur. Clinicians should pay special attention to cutaneous signs of IP in infants presenting with neonatal seizures.