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Hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass are aqueous solutions containing, among others, sugars andacetic acid. They are concentrated by evaporation. Only little is known on the influence of the sugars onthe volatility of the low-molecular-weight components in those mixtures. Therefore, in the present workthe isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of the systems (acetic acid (AA) þ water (W) þ xylose (X)) and(acetic acid (AA) þ water (W) þ glucose (G)) was studied at 20.0 kPa in a thin film evaporator. The resultsshow that the volatility of acetic acid is increased by the sugars and that xylose and glucose have asimilar influence. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data were correlated using the NRTL model for describingthe liquid phase non-ideality and taking the dimerization of acetic acid in the vapor phase into account.

Wood hydrolysates contain sugars that can be used as feedstock in fermentation processes. For that purpose, the hydrolysate must be concentrated and inhibitors that harm fermentation must be removed. Herein, the integration of these tasks with the recovery of inhibitors is studied. The wood hydrolysate is represented as a mixture of water, xylose, acetic acid, and furfural. Acetic acid and furfural are two frequently occurring inhibitors and valuable chemicals, and thus, their recovery is studied. Furfural is recovered from the vapors by heteroazeotropic distillation. It is shown that this can be achieved without additional energy. The recovery of acetic acid by distillation is also possible, but not attractive. The new process is simulated by using a thermodynamic model based on experimental data.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is often used for purifying proteins. A mathematical model to describe the complex effects of salts on the adsorption equilibria in HIC has recently been introduced by our group. It describes not only the influence of single salts, but also salt mixtures, in which cooperative effects may occur. The influence of the salts is thereby modeled with a Taylor series expansion in the individual ion molarities. In the present study, the model of the adsorption equilibrium is coupled with a lumped kinetic model of the adsorption kinetics to obtain a model of the elution of proteins in HIC adsorption columns. The column model is tested using experimental data on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS) on the mildly hydrophobic resin Toyopearl PPG-600M at pH 7. The studied salts are ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium sulfate as well as binary and ternary mixtures of them. The parameters of the lumped kinetic model are proteinspecific and were fitted to the elution profiles of the single proteins in presence of single salts. The model was then used to predict the elution profiles of BSA and

The solid‐liquid equilibrium (SLE) in the ternary system 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid (HKGA) + L‐ascorbic acid (vitamin C) + water was investigated experimentally at temperatures between 276 K and 308 K at ambient pressure, i.e., under conditions that are of particular interest for industrial applications. Phase diagrams with one eutonic point were obtained for all temperatures. The dissociation constant and the solubility constant of vitamin C were determined as a function of temperature. Based on an extended version of the Debye‐Hückel theory, a physicochemical model was developed that describes the SLE in the ternary system. The agreement between experimental data and results from the model is excellent.