OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the indications of blood transfusion in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Government NaseerUllah Khan Babar Memorial Hospital. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective observational study was performed on indoor gynecology and obstetrics patients for the period of one year, a total of 100 patients were included in this study that received blood transfusion. Samples were collected by non-random convenience sampling after getting approval from the hospital ethical committee. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: In this study a total of 100 patients who received blood transfusion were analyzed, out of 100 patients 78% of patients received transfusion due to obstetrical causes and 22% patients got transfused for gynecological causes. Most common blood group transfused was B+ and O+ and mean hemoglobin level at which patients received blood transfusion was 9.7g/dl. Blood components preparation can provide components to treat two to three patients from a single donor. The use of packed cell transfusion should be promoted instead of whole blood transfusion that is not even needed in most of the cases. CONCLUSION: Blood transfusion practice has been used aggressively in gynecology and obstetrics in some cases even without proper indications. There is a need to modify this practice by correcting anemia through drugs to avoid the inappropriate use of blood. Use of blood components should be encouraged.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its effects on the quality of life in diabetic patients. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Government Naseer Ullah Khan Babar Memorial Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. All diabetic patients admitted to the medical ward were included in this study, and their blood samples were obtained in heparinised and EthyleneDiamineTetracetic Acid (EDTA) tubes by aseptic technique after informed consent. All samples were assessed for sugar levels and complete blood count. RESULTS: 118 diabetic patients were enrolled in this study, 66% of patients were females, and 34% were males. Female patients in age groups 1, 2 and 3 were more than males, and in age group 4, all patients were male. Anemia was found in about 79% of females and 21% of male patients. CONCLUSION: Albuminuria and renal insufficiency are important factors in understanding and investigations of anemia. Diabetic patients must be screened for anemia and treated accordingly to improve the quality of life in such patients and reduce morbidity and mortality rate.

Objective: The incidence and range of rare hereditary bleeding diseases, as well as the severity of the deficiency and its many clinical presentations, were the subjects of our study. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Pathology, Northwest School of Medicine Peshawar in the duration from July, 2022 to December, 2022. Methods: Total 850 cases of coagulation disorders were presented in this study. A thorough demographic analysis of the recruited cases was done after receiving informed written consent. After taking note of the symptoms and indicators, a coagulation profile was used to diagnose the patients. With the use of factor tests, the illness severity was evaluated. All of the data was examined using SPSS 23.0. Results: Among 850 cases, 113 (13.3%) patients were had rare bleeding disorders. In 113 cases of rare bleeding disorders, there were majority 70 (61.9%) males and 43 (38.1%) patients were females. Mean age of the cases was 10.5±13.69 years. 47 (41.6%) cases were from urban areas and 66 (58.4%) cases had rural residency. Most common deficiency was factor VII found in 33 (29.2%) cases followed by fibrinogen in 22 (19.5%) cases. 17 (15.04%) cases had family history of rare bleeding. Frequency of consanguinity was found in 88 (77.9%) cases. Most common clinical symptom was bruising, gum bleeding, epistaxis and menorrhagia. Conclusion: We concluded higher frequency of rare bleeding disorders in 13.3% cases. Factor VII deficiency is the most typical uncommon bleeding condition in our community. Due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages in our society, these bleeding diseases are very common. Keywords: Factor deficiency, Rare bleeding disorders, Factor assay, Consanguinity