Dental anxiety is one of the most common conditions present amongst the masses globally. It is this fear that makes individuals avoid seeking dental treatment which results in a deteriorated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Discrepancies exist in the prevalence of dental anxiety based on gender, education levels, level of deprivation of a society and its socioeconomic status. In this study, a sample size of 522 respondents was collected. Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale and modified dental anxiety scales were used to collect the necessary data. These data were analyzed by cross tabbing and chi-square test of significance was applied to assess the association between dental anxiety and other factors. Female gender was significantly associated with dental anxiety with p-value = 0.03. Higher education levels and dental anxiety also displayed significant associations with each other, with a p-value of 0.048. Seventy-six percent of the individuals of lower socioeconomic status were prone to be more dentally anxious. Dental anxiety was more significant in individuals with higher levels of education in our study. Respondents who were part of a lower socioeconomic class were also more prone to being anxious while receiving dental treatment. Knowing the factors that cause dental anxiety can help dentists effectively manage and treat their patients.

Background: Papacarie pre-treatment of dentin surface has been reported to exhibit good bond strength values between dentin and composites. Its desirable properties like high pH, sites specify and anti-inflammatory response makes it a future material in place acid etching pre-treatment. Acid etching may cause sensitivity and collapse of dentinal matrix. Methods: This in-vitro study involved, 60 caries free extracted premolars, randomly divided into three groups. Control Group (Group A) No pre-treatment of dentin prior adhesive application. Experimental Group B acid etchant was applied before adhesive application. Experimental Group C Papacarie was used as a pre-treatment agent. All these specimens were tested for shear bond strength with the help of Universal Testing Machine. All the collected data was entered in SPSS version 20.0. ANOVA was used to determine the mean SBS (Shear Bond strength) values of control and experimental groups. Results The mean shear bond strength of material was 7.74±0.47 in group A, 17.80±1.43 in group B and 15.11±0.70 in group C. Group B showing better strength than other two groups. Conclusion: The study provides information about longevity of composite restorations and may help in extending the clinical usage of papacarie to avoid harmful effects of acid etching on dentin and pulpal tissue.

Background: Maxillofacial region’s reference points like interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar distance and bizygomatic width can significantly contribute toward reconstruction of two-dimensional (2D) facial profiles. Aim: To find correlation between intercanthal to intercanine and interalar to intercanine distance for maxillary anterior teeth selection. Methodology: This study was conducted at de’ Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore from 29-08-2013 to 28-04-2014. Sampling technique was non-probability purposive. 200 subjects are estimated for correlation of intercanthal distance to intercanine distance and correlation of interalar distance to intercanine distance as r=0.302. Results: Out of 200 cases, 102(51%) were 20-40 years of age while 98(49%) were ranging between 41-60 years of age, mean±SD was calculated as 41.01±11.90 years, 135(67.5%) were male and 65(32.5%) were females, correlation among maxillary intercanine distance with other facial land marks shows the distance of intercanine was 37.26±3.91, it was 41.26±4.57 for interalar and 34.50+2.51 was recorded for intercanthal, the value of R2, the coefficient of determination, is 0.0893 for intercanine to intercanthal and 0.0018 for intercanine to interalar. Conclusion: We concluded that intercanthal distance to intercanine distance is more correlated as compared to interalar distance to intercanine distance in Pakistani population. Keywords: Maxillary anterior teeth, intercanthal distance, intercanine distance, interalar distance, correlation

Nano particles of SrCrO4 were manufactured by sol-gel technique. The crystal part ofSrCrO4 is monoclinic having space group P21/n. We calcined it at 950°C temperature. Its cand a lattice parameter are 6.77 and 7.08 which is very close to the reported ones. Ba and Cadoped SrCrO4 were also synthesized by sol-gel method by various concentrations for x= 0.2,0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. Doping samples also sintered at 950°C for 2 hours in order to obtain finepowder. Different characterization techniques such as XRD, Ultra-violet-Spectroscopy, PLSpectroscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy were used to analyze SrCrO4, Ba and Ca-dopedSrCrO4. XRD tells us about the crystal size and dislocation density of samples. The value of2? for the XRD patterns is ranging from 5 to 95. Four peaks are observed in the UV-spectraof SrCrO4 which occur at 350nm, 380nm, 700nm and 750nm. The UV band gap of SrCrO4is 3.25 eV. In PL spectra, two peaks are observed one at 480nm and other at 410nm. At480nm, the energy of emitted photons is 2.5eV, while at 410nm the emitted photons hasenergy of 3ev. In the FTIR analysis, the core modes frequently showed by CrO4 unit aresymmetric stretching bond (?1 (A1)), symmetric bending mode (?2 (E)), asymmetricstretching mode (?3 (F2)) and asymmetric bending mode (?4 (F2)).

Aim: To assess the knowledge of female dental students of KKU about pulp revascularization procedure. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to female students of 5th and 6th year and to dental interns. Collected data were analysed with descriptive statistics using SPSS (V19). Results: 137 contributors filled the proforma. Highest percentage of students (35%) considered pulp revascularization as the best treatment for immature necrotic permanent teeth in terms of tooth survival and 45.3% believed to have strongest tooth structure with this procedure as compared to other options. 68.6% of the participants had never attempted this procedure. 53.3% of the students were not sure about the outcome of the treatment. Only 31.4% of the students were aware of need of post and core as a contraindication forprocedure. 52.6% participants chose the option of little instrumentation with sodium hypochlorite irrigation for canal cleaning and 27.7% considered CaOH as a best intracanal medicament. According to majority of students (44.5%) continued root development with absence of signs and symptoms were the best indications of successful treatment. Conclusion: Majority of the students had the knowledge of regenerative endodontics as a viable treatment option for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps but were unaware of the details of the procedure and case selection criterion. Students should be given detailed clinical knowledge of this procedure so that in their future clinical practice they consider it among other options either for treatment or do case selection for referrals to specialists. Keywords: pulp revascularization; knowledge; dental students.