Exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) via drinking water in Latin America and Mexico is a growing public health concern that requires rapid methods to assess risk and adverse effects. The measurement of micronucleus frequency (MNf) in oral mucosa is a noninvasive and low-cost method for monitoring the genotoxic damage in exposed populations. Mexican children from Durango city, a zone with high water arsenic concentrations, were selected and assigned to three-risk categories (low, medium, high) based on the use of tap or bottled water. Levels of As in water, urine and MNf, were measured. Results indicate a significant correlation between the groups at risk and the frequency of MNf in children (0.9 ± 1.9 MN, 1.1 ± 1.9, and 2.6 ± 2.2 per 1000 buccal cells, respectively); (r = 0.416; p = 0.001). Which demonstrated that the MNf in oral mucosa is an efficient and low-cost technique for assessing and monitoring DNA damage by exposure to As. This study also provides evidence that the modification of risk factors could reduce health risk.Palabras clave: genotoxicidad, contaminación natural, población vulnerable, riesgos ambientales RESUMEN La exposición a arsénico (As) inorgánico a través del agua de bebida es un problema de salud pública en América Latina y en México que requiere métodos rápidos para evaluar riesgo y efectos adversos. La medición de la frecuencia de micronúcleos (MNf) en mucosa oral es un método no invasivo y de bajo costo para monitorear daño genotóxico en población expuesta a contaminantes ambientales. Para esta investigación, O.D. López Guzmán et al. 282fueron seleccionados niños mexicanos de la ciudad de Durango, una zona con altas concentraciones de As en agua, y asignados en tres categorías de riesgo (baja, media y alta) con base en el uso de agua de la llave o agua embotellada. Se midieron los niveles de As en agua, orina y la MNf. Los resultados indican una correlación significativa entre los grupos de riesgo y la frecuencia de MNf en los niños (0.9 ± 1.9 MN, 1.1 ± 1.9, y 2.6 ± 2.2 por 1000 células bucales, respectivamente); (r = 0.416; p = 0.001). Estos resultados demuestran que la MNf en mucosa oral es una técnica eficiente y de bajo costo para evaluar y monitorear daño al ADN por la exposición a As. Este estudio también provee evidencia de que la modificación de factores de riesgo puede reducir riesgos a la salud.
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