The purpose of the study was to analyse the chemical composition of corn cookies containing different types of sugar and fat, and determine their effect on physiological parameters in diabetic rats. The experimental animals were studied using a randomised block design with seven groups of rats. The test groups were as follows: group 1, negative control rats (normal) fed standard; group 2, positive control rats (diabetic) fed standard; group 3, diabetic rats fed wheat cookies; group 4, diabetic rats fed C1 corn cookies; group 5, diabetic rats fed C2 corn cookies; group 6, diabetic rats fed C3 corn cookies; and group 7, diabetic rats fed C4 corn cookies. The tests on the rats revealed that the cookies had significant effects on blood sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA) and haemoglobin levels as well as body weight parameters. Corn cookies containing crystalline coconut sugar and virgin coconut oil (VCO) were effective at lowering blood sugar and MDA levels while increasing haemoglobin and body weight in diabetic rats. Significantly, after four weeks on this diet, rats with diabetes mellitus were in the same overall condition as normal rats. These findings suggest that these cookies may be gluten-free functional foods suitable for diabetics. These findings suggest that diabetics can safely consume maize cookies.

Context: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer with the highest aggressiveness and malignancy characteristics. Aims: To evaluate the possible anticancer potential of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract (CRE) against 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. Methods: C. rotundus rhizome was extracted using maceration methods with ethanol. C. rotundus extract (CRE) was then determined the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) using colorimetric analysis. The cytotoxic activity of CRE against 4T1 cells was carried out operating WST-1 assay, and the IC50 value was then used for in vivo study. The 4T1-tumor-bearing mice were treated with CRE at 72.5, 145, and 290 mg/kg body weight (BW) for two weeks or treated with cisplatin once a week for two weeks (4 mg/kg BW). The analysis of IL-2 cytokines production and the activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells was assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Histopathological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was applied to determine the outcome of CRE on breast cancer tissue. Results: CRE indicated a higher TPC (76.97 mg GAE/g) value than TFC (29.37 mg QE/g). This study demonstrated a significant reduction of IL-2 cytokines and CD4 T cell activation in treated groups than in the cancer group (p<0.05) and showed a good prognosis, further confirmed by histopathological data. The breast tissue of 4T1-tumor-bearing mice in treated groups showed apoptotic cells compared to the cancer group, which has more viable cells. Conclusions: The high phenolic content in CRE can modulate mice's immune systems and induce cancer cell apoptosis.