The energy storage capacity of batteries and supercapacitors has seen rising demand and problems as large-scale energy storage systems and electric gadgets have become more widely adopted. With the development of nano-scale materials, the electrodes of these devices have changed dramatically. Heterostructure materials have gained increased interest as next-generation materials due to their unique interfaces, resilient structures and synergistic effects, providing the capacity to improve energy/power outputs and battery longevity. This review focuses on the role of MgO in heterostructured magnetic and energy storage devices and their applications and synthetic strategies. The role of metal oxides in manufacturing heterostructures has received much attention, especially MgO. Heterostructures have stronger interactions between tightly packed interfaces and perform better than single structures. Due to their typical physical and chemical properties, MgO heterostructures have made a breakthrough in energy storage. In perpendicularly magnetized heterostructures, the MgO’s thickness significantly affects the magnetic properties, which is good news for the next generation of high-speed magnetic storage devices.

MCrAlYHf bond coats are employed in jet and aircraft engines, stationary gas turbines, and power plants, which require strong resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. This study investigated the oxidation behavior of a free-standing CoNiCrAlYHf coating with varying surface roughness. The surface roughness was analyzed using a contact profilometer and SEM. Oxidation tests were conducted in an air furnace at 1050 °C to examine the oxidation kinetics. X-ray diffraction, focused ion beam, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the surface oxides. The results show that the sample with Ra = 0.130 µm demonstrates better oxidation resistance compared to Ra = 7.572 µm and other surfaces with higher roughness in this study. Reducing surface roughness led to a decrease in the thickness of oxide scales, while the smoothest surface exhibited increased growth of internal HfO2. The β-phase on the surface with Ra = 130 µm demonstrated faster growth of Al2O3 compared to the γ-phase. An empirical model was suggested to explain the impact of surface roughness on oxidation behavior based on the correlation between the surface roughness level and oxidation rates.

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