Despite the great potential of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates are not well explored. This communication reports the three-component coupling of aroyl fluorides, styrenes and the Langlois reagent (CF 3 SO 2 Na) to give various b-trifluoromethylated alkyl aryl ketones with good functional group tolerance in moderate to high yields by cooperative photoredox/NHC catalysis. The alkene acyltrifluoromethylation proceeds via radical/radical cross coupling of ketyl radicals with benzylic C-radicals. The ketyl radicals are generated via SET reduction of in situ formed acylazolium ions whereas the benzylic radicals derive from trifluoromethyl radical addition onto styrenes.
Cooperative NHC/photoredox catalysis has emerged as an important research field in recent years. Herein, the use of tertiary alcohols as alkyl radical precursors to perform three component radical coupling with styrenes and aroyl fluorides for the preparation of α‐arylated alkyl aryl ketones is described. Reaction of an aroyl fluoride with the NHC catalyst provides an acyl azolium ion that can be reduced by the photoredox catalyst to the corresponding ketyl radical anion. Oxidatively generated C‐radicals derived from the alcohol add to the styrene derivative and subsequent cross coupling of the adduct radical with the ketyl radical delivers after NHC fragmentation the targeted ketone.
Multicomponent reactions of diazo compounds have attracted much attention in recent years. Such transformations are generally conducted by applying transition metal catalysis and involve the corresponding metal carbenes as key intermediates. In this letter, a metal-free threecomponent intermolecular acetoxyaminoalkylation of αdiazo amides with tertiary aryl amines and (diacetoxyiodo)benzene is presented.
Trotz des großen Potentials der Radikalchemie in der organischen Synthese, sind N-heterozyklische Carben (NHC)-katalysierte Reaktionen, die radikalische Intermediate durchlaufen, kaum erforscht. In dieser Verçffentlichung wird eine Dreikomponentenkupplung von Aroylfluoriden, Styrolen und dem Langlois-Reagenz (CF 3 SO 2 Na) beschrieben. Kooperative Photoredox/NHC-Katalyse führt in mäßigen bis hohen Ausbeuten zu b-trifluormethylierten Alkylarylketonen mit guter funktioneller Gruppentoleranz. Die Alkenacyltrifluormethylierung läuft über Kreuzkupplung von Ketyl-mit benzylischen Radikalen ab. Die Ketylradikale werden dabei über SET-Reduktion von in situ erzeugten Acylazoliumionen gebildet und die benzylischen Radikale resultieren aus einer CF 3-Radikaladdition an das Alken. Aufgrund ihrer einzigartigen Lewis-Basizität und Nukleophilie wurden N-heterozyklische Carbene (NHCs) in weitreichenden Gebieten der organischen Synthesechemie als Organokatalysatoren genutzt. [1] Im Allgemeinen verlaufen NHC-katalysierte Reaktionen über die Bildung von Breslow-, [2] p-erweiterten Breslow-[3] oder Azolium-Intermediaten [4] ab, welche mit Elektrophilen oder Nukleophilen in ionischen Prozessen reagieren. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die NHC-Katalyse, die über Ein-Elektronentransfer-Prozesse (single electron transfer, SET) agiert und Kupplungen von radikalischen Intermediaten involviert, kaum erforscht. Im Jahr 2008 haben wir eine NHC-katalysierte Oxidation von Aldehyden zu TEMPO-Estern (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl) entwickelt und damit gezeigt, dass Breslow-Intermediate durch das TEMPO-Radikal effizient zum entsprechenden Radikalkation SET-oxidiert werden kçnnen. [5] Wird die SET-Oxidation p-erweiterter Breslow-Intermediate betrachtet, zeigt das daraus resultierende Radikalkation Reaktivität in b-Position, die erfolgreich für b-CO -und b-CC -Bindungsknüpfungen über Radikal/Radikal-Kreuz-und Homokupplungen genutzt werden konnte (Schema 1 a, Weg a). [6] Des Weiteren kçnnen Enale, die in g-Angewandte Chemie
Cooperative NHC and photoredox catalysis has gained great attention as an emerging research field in recent years. Herein, we report a cyclizing aminoacylation of alkenes, which is enabled through combination of these two catalytic modes. The key step is a radical/radical cross coupling between a persistent ketyl radical and a transient benzylic or aliphatic C-radical, which is generated through radical cyclization of an oxidatively formed amidyl radical. Several carbamates, amides and sulfonamides containing an alkene moiety and different acyl fluorides can be used as substrates. The resulting products are obtained in moderate to good yields.
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