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Born in 1945, Joseph Carens is widely known today in political theory and philosophy for his contributions to the ethics of migration. He is known particularly for his claim that, in principle, justice requires states to open their borders to everyone who wants to enter. However, even a brief glance at his biography and bibliography shows that the ethics of migration is only one of the fields of academic debate to which Carens has made a significant contribution.In his dissertation, Carens reflected on the cogency of socialism and the possibility of conceiving of an egalitarian state based on the socialist principle "From each according to abilities, to each according to needs". The dissertation, originally submitted at Yale University, was published in 1981 as Equality, Moral Incentives, and the Market (EMIM). Although Carens has largely written within the framework of liberalism since his dissertation, he has also recently returned in several papers -such as "An Interpretation and Defense of the Socialist Principle" (SPD, 2003), and "The Egalitarian Ethos as a Social Mechanism" (EESM, 2015) -to the socialist idea, thus suggesting that he does after all cherish the idea that the socialist principle holds a great deal of truth in terms of justice.

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