The Ross Sea is an area of dense water formation within the Southern Ocean, hence it potentially plays an important role for anthropogenic CO 2 sequestration : In order to estimate the penetration of anthropogenic carbon in the Ross Sea from total inorganic carbon (TCO 2 ) measurements carried out in 2002 -03 Antarctic Italian Expedition, we applied two independent models. Anthropogenic carbon was present throughout the water column. The highest concentrations were associated with the recently ventilated shelf waters, namely High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) and Ice Shelf Water (ISW), due to their recent contact with the atmosphere. The lowest concentrations were observed for Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), due to its relatively older ventilation age. This water mass intrudes onto the shelf in some parts of the Ross Sea and hence is observed in the sampled section, where it is recognizable for its low O 2 and high TCO 2 concentrations. The overflow of the dense High Salinity Shelf Water out of the continental slope was observed in the area off Cape Adare. Since this recently formed shelf water contributes to the formation of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), this process represents a pathway for anthropogenic carbon export down to the deep ocean.

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Recent studies have provided a better understanding of carbonate system parameters and their spatial and temporal variability in several areas of the Mediterranean Sea. This study uses a new dataset that covered the entire Algerian Basin during the summer of 2014 (SOMBA cruise) to describe the distribution of carbonate system parameters. The findings show that almost the entire basin was a source of CO2 to the atmosphere during the studied period. Besides the well-known TrOCA (Tracer combining Oxygen, Carbon and total Alkalinity) approach, the study proposes new parametrization for the standard back calculation method to assess the anthropogenic carbon concentration. The results of both approaches yield similar distributions and concentration ranges (81 ± 4.3 and 69 ± 5.2 μmol/kg, respectively). This study assesses the errors for both approaches and emphasizes the importance of mesoscale and submesoscale structures on anthropogenic carbon sequestration and the distribution of carbonate parameters in the Algerian Basin. It shows that these features enhance basin ventilation and acidification. The first inventory of the anthropogenic carbon trapped by the Algerian Basin is estimated at 0.44-0.53 ± 0.06 Pg C, based on the new dataset. Highlights► The first high resolution spatial coverage of the Algerian Basin allowed a detailed study of the carbonate parameters. ► A refitted back-calculation method is applied to estimate anthropogenic carbon concentrations. ► Highlighting the role of the submesoscale processes in the increase of anthropogenic carbon sequestration. ► The estimated acidification of the Algerian Basin, from the preindustrial era to 2014, range between −0.19 and −0.1 pH unit. ► The first estimate of the anthropogenic carbon inventory trapped by the Algerian Basin is at 0.44-0.53 ± 0.06 Pg C.