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Background: At March 2020 there was great disruption of learning environment at medical schools in Egypt.COVID-19 pandemic leads to closure of all medical schools and sudden shift to exclusive e-learning. Although e-learning has its epidemiological benefits during this crisis, many barriers were encountered by medical students thathinder the learning environment to be effective.This study aimed: to identify the barriers of exclusive e-learning mong medical students at Tanta University, Egypt, which could portray barriers in medical schools of developing countries. A cross-sectional survey was targeting the undergraduate medical students at Tanta University from1st to 6th academic years. The data were collected from 10th October through 14th November 2020 using a semi-structured online questionnaire. The respondents were 1137 students with a mean age of 20.9± 1.5 years. Females constituted 72.6% of the participants and 48.7% were from low-income families. More than half (59.7%) of participant students mostly use smartphone for e-learning. This study showed high magnitude of barriers' perception where the overall mean score of students' barrier perceptions toward e-learning was 69.46± 12.33 and only 27.7% of the participants prefer it. The barriers were multifactorial and interrelated. They include technological and infrastructure barriers, pedagogical, personal, sociodemographic and financial barriers. Conclusion:The high magnitude of barrier perception indicated an urgent need to overcome them and create a more effective learning environment.

Background: Today, Coronavirus diseases 2019 impose an important occupational risk to health care workers (HWs). Until now, globally several thousand of HWs especially nurses have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Aim: to identify the epidemiological features, coping strategies of infection and investigate the extent of reinfection with COVID-19 virus among nurses working in tertiary care hospitals. Subjects and Method: -Study design: In this study, a descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. Study settings: The study was carried out in Tanta University hospitals, El-Gharbeya Governorate. Tools of data collection: -Two tools were used for data collection: A structured questionnaire sheet, and coping strategies questionnaire. Results: there were statistically significant relations between all items of socio-demographic criteria of the studied nurses and occurrence of COVID-19 reinfection where P<0.001 except their residence, marital status, and department items. Conclusion: The present study revealed that seminars/workshops with periodic refreshment in service training should be regularly organized in tertiary care hospitals and health care centers for nurses in order to equip them with adequate knowledge on how to care with Covid19 patients. Recommendations: Nurses must be equipped with adequate needed personal protective equipment and materials used in managing COVID 19 cases.

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