A água tem o papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico de uma nação, além de ser essencial para a vida de todos os seres vivos. Atividades antrópicas, como o uso do solo, causam alterações nos parâmetros da qualidade da água. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a variabilidade espacial e sazonal dos parâmetros físicos, químicos, biológicos e microbiológicos, bem como, as possíveis relações entre os padrões do uso do solo e cobertura vegetal no Rio dos Frades, Bahia. As concentrações determinadas foram comparadas com os padrões estabelecidos pela resolução do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente - CONAMA nº 357/2005. Com os resultados obtidos observou-se que os parâmetros oxigênio dissolvido, pH e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio ficaram em desacordo com valores estabelecidos pela legislação, nos locais que sofre maior interferência das zonas urbanas dos municípios de Guaratinga e Itabela. Com o auxílio de análises multivariadas observou-se que os parâmetros avaliados apresentam comportamento distinto de acordo com a precipitação, nos quais a série nitrogenada se correlacionou com o período chuvoso enquanto a turbidez com o período seco. Com o auxílio de ferramentas de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), foi realizada a delimitação da bacia e a classificação supervisionada do uso do solo e cobertura vegetal, revelando a forte pressão antrópica sofrida pelo rio, causada principalmente pela agropecuária. Water quality assessment of a tropical river from a soil usage and vegetation cover perspectiveA B S T R A C TWater plays a fundamental role in the economic development of a nation, besides being essential for the life of all living beings. However, anthropic activities, such as land use, have caused changes in the quality of this resource. Therefore, this study evaluated the spatial and seasonal variation of the physical-chemical, biological and microbiological factors, as well as the possible relationships between the patterns of land use and vegetation cover in the Rio dos Frades Basin - BA. For this, four campaigns were carried out, August / 2018, April, July and October / 2019, where they were analyzed, according to the Standard Methods, the total and dissolved solid parameters, salinity, conductivity, chloride, total and thermotolerant coliforms, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved phosphorus, pH, chlorophyll-a and temperature, and subsequently analyzed according to CONAMA resolution 357/2005. As for analysis of land use and vegetation cover and its correlation, the software QGIS and PAST were used. With the obtained results, if the parameters OD, pH and BOD were at odds with what is recommended by the legislation, due to the use and occupation of the soil without the monitoring of basic infrastructure. Multivariate analyzes showed different behaviors according to precipitation where the nitrogen series is correlated with the rainy season and turbidity with the dry season. Analysis of land use and occupation, revealed strong anthropic pressure suffered by the river, caused mainly by agriculture.Keywords: Rio dos Frades, Water Resources, Geographic Information System, River Basins
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