Only two species of Polysiphonia sensu lato (predominately species of Polysiphonia and Neosiphonia ) have been reported from Caribbean Panama. In contrast, 16 species are documented from the neighboring countries of Costa Rica and Colombia. Molecular-assisted identifi cation using plastidencoded ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene ( rbc L) and mitochondria-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) loci identifi ed 14 species from 38 samples collected along the Caribbean coast of Panama. Morphological character states were examined and used to identify each sample, and phylogenetic relationships among these species were estimated through maximum likelihood analyses of rbc L and nuclear-encoded SSU sequence data. Neosiphonia ferulaceae , N. tongatensis , Polysiphonia binneyi , P. havanensis , P. macrocarpa , P. pseudovillum , P. schneideri , P. subtilissima , and two species that could only be identifi ed as P. cf. sertularioides are reported for the fi rst time from Panama. Polysiphonia pentamera , a species only known from the eastern Pacifi c is reported for the fi rst time in the Caribbean, and two new species, P. lobophoralis and P. nuda are described. A key to Caribbean Panama species, descriptions of species morphology and remarks on taxonomy and relationships are provided. These fi ndings demonstrate that previous limited reports of Polysiphonia sensu lato species from Panama resulted from a lack of study, rather than a lack of diversity, within the region.
Genomic methodologies offer unprecedented opportunities for statistically robust studies of species broadly distributed in environments conducive to high gene flow, providing valuable information for wildlife conservation and management. Here, we sequence restriction site‐associated DNA to characterize genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a broadly distributed and highly migratory large pelagic fish, striped marlin (Kajikia audax). Assessment of over 4,000 SNPs resolved spatiotemporal patterns of genetic connectivity throughout the species range in the Pacific and, for the first time, Indian oceans. Individual‐based cluster analyses identified six genetically distinct populations corresponding with the western Indian, eastern Indian, western South Pacific, and eastern central Pacific oceans, as well as two populations in the North Pacific Ocean (FST = 0.0137–0.0819). FST outlier analyses identified a subset of SNPs (n = 59) putatively under the influence of natural selection and capable of resolving populations separated by comparatively high degrees of genetic differentiation. Temporal collections available for some regions demonstrated the stability of allele frequencies over three to five generations of striped marlin. Relative migration rates reflected lower levels of genetic connectivity between Indian Ocean populations (mR ≤ 0.37) compared with most populations in the Pacific Ocean (mR ≥ 0.57) and highlight the importance of the western South Pacific in facilitating gene flow between ocean basins. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into rangewide population structure for striped marlin and highlight substantial inconsistencies between genetically distinct populations and stocks currently recognized for fisheries management. More broadly, we demonstrate that species capable of long‐distance dispersal in environments lacking obvious physical barriers to movement can display substantial population subdivision that persists over multiple generations and that may be facilitated by both neutral and adaptive processes. Importantly, surveys of genome‐wide markers enable inference of population‐level relationships using sample sizes practical for large pelagic fishes of conservation concern.
The postdoctoral workforce comprises a growing proportion of the STEM community and plays a vital role in advancing science. Postdoc professional development, however, remains rooted in outdated realities. We propose enhancements to postdoc-centred policies and practices to better align this career stage with contemporary job markets and work life. By facilitating productivity, wellness, and career advancement, the proposed changes will benefit all stakeholders in postdoc success -including research teams, institutions, professional societies, and the scientific community as a whole. To catalyse reform, we outline recommendations for a) skills-based training tailored to the current career landscape, and b) supportive policies and tools outlined in postdoc handbooks. We also invite the ecology and evolution community to lead further progressive reform. Main Text (current word count 2188):Postdoctoral researchers ("postdocs"; Fig. 1A) contribute extensive research, teaching, and service to their supervising faculty, home institutions, and broader scientific communities [1][2][3][4] . In principle, these contributions are rewarded with opportunities to specialize and develop independence. In practice, however, postdocs' progress and well-being are constrained by social, mental, and financial challenges 1,5-7 . Further, the skills and credentials that are prioritized in postdoc positions are misaligned with contemporary job markets (e.g. [8][9][10][11] , Figure 1C). These issues highlight an urgent need for policies and practices that better support a growing postdoctoral workforce. Ultimately, this will benefit all stakeholders in postdoc success --providing ethical and far-reaching returns on time and resource investments [1][2][3][4][5]12 .Below, we describe five goals for enhancing postdoc professional development. We also highlight innovative examples of policies and practices from around the globe. Our recommendations are applicable to many STEM disciplines, but especially relevant to ecology and evolution. Alternative careers in these fields commonly require additional training [13][14][15] , and non-academic paths are often unknown to both postdocs and their mentors. This causes anxiety and reticence for postdocs who, by choice or by necessity, are considering nontraditional careers 1,16,17 . Fortunately, the ecology and evolution community is also poised to lead adaptive reform. Our research targets complex interactions spanning many levels of biological organization. Consequently, our community possesses the tools and perspectives needed for strategic, evidence-based engineering of workplace ecosystems 9 .Goal 1: Align career development with job markets 1,3,38,39 ). More effective mentorship can be facilitated through training, 36 and should be incentivized during hiring, evaluation, and merit-based promotion 40 .
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.