This paper explores the concept of “new woman” as conceived by Nigerian women writers through the lens of Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s snail-sense feminism. Most feminists believe that a woman should be sophisticated, educated, and intelligent, and that she should be able to endure whatever tasks assigned to her at home and in her day-to-day activities, among other things. This idea stemmed from a desire to demonstrate to the world that a woman’s biological make-up should not be the sole criterion used to discriminate against other women in society. To demonstrate to readers that the entire notion of a “new woman” is nothing more than self-deception and a distorted version of the feminist struggle, the article examines Lola Shoneyi’s novel, The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives (2015). Shoneyi portrays Baba Segi’s four wives as clever and smart, even though the first three women, Iya Segi, Iya Tope, and Iya Femi, had no formal education. The novelty of this study is that it examines the concept of a new woman as a means of striking back at men who believe they are intellectually superior to women. Despite this, the author has been successful in ridiculing such egos by portraying the female characters as being smarter and more intelligent than the male characters. The finding of this research is that it demonstrates to readers that the issue of the “new woman” is to encourage escapades, as proclaimed by some feminists in most developing countries like Nigeria.

This paper investigates xenophobia in selected poems by Susan Kiguli using psychoanalytic theory in post-independence Uganda. In order to explore the issue of xenophobia in Kiguli's selected poems, the study identified and analyzed three poems from the collection titled Home Floats in the Distance (2012). This was done in order to analyze the issue of xenophobia in Uganda, which has been identified as a post-independence disillusionment. As a direct consequence of this disillusionment, the people have gotten frustrated, and as a result, they have focused their rage on the defenseless immigrants who are now residing in the country. The notion of "institutionalized xenophobia" was also investigated as part of the study, as past governments are culpable of the heinous act. The study that was carried out analyzed Kiguli's portrayal of xenophobia in the poems that are being examined for this study through the lens of Melanie Klein's concept of the paranoid-schizoid position. This was done in order to better understand the scope of the problem. The current study has concluded that the issue of xenophobia is psychologically motivated rather than economic as put forward by the previous studies. The study looked into the issue of xenophobia as a post-independence issue in Uganda during military rule.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Congenital defects, abnormalities of structures or functions present at birth, maybe as a result of genetic or environmental factors or both and in most cases; the exact etiology is not clear but can occur in all animals. These abnormalities are responsible for slowing down of genetic progress and economic loss for the breeders, due to the death of animals.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Available record of cases presented to Aliyu Jedo Veterinary Clinic, Sokoto from December 2015 to 2019 was used to investigate congenital malformation in ruminants based on species and sex. Surgery was carried out in all the cases with local anaesthesia (infiltration technique) using lignocaine. Surgical procedures carried out were rectopexy (atresia ani), gingivectomy (gingival fibromatosis), superficial keratectomy and temporary tarssorhaphy (dermoid cyst), casting and physiotherapy (contracted tendons).    </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 47 congenital malformations; atresia ani 22 (46.8%), gingival fibromatosis 18 (38.3%), dermoid cyst 6 (12.8%), and contracted tendon 1 (2.1%) were reviewed in the study. The ovine species had the highest incidence of cases load recorded 23 (48.93%) followed by bovine 17 (36.17%) and then caprine species 7 (14.89%).  The incidence of all malformations was higher in males (68.1%) than in females (31.9%). All cases were attempted surgically with success in all the procedures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It can be concluded that male ruminants have the highest prevalence of congenital malformation. Congenital malformations are more frequently seen in ovine and least seen in caprine. Atresia ani appeared to be the most commonly reported cases.</p>

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