This work was conducted in the experimental farm of Mallawy Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during the two successive winter seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010 /2011 to compare the performance of 10 populations of advanced generations of faba bean in two successive cycles of selection under free infested with broomrape (Orobanche crenata) and compare the productivity of free fields to that resulted from highly infested fields. Ten populations already evaluated revealed from crosses between five faba bean parents of Giza-843, Giza-429, (57/721/94) Line-3, Line-4 (664/689/94) and Giza 2 and continued to F 5 and F 6 selected generations. Two cycles of selection were done on 10 F 5 and F 6 populations that exceeded Giza-843 in seed yield per plant and the results indicated surpassing 6 out of the 10 populations of the F 5 and F 6 selected families that permit to high performance populations of faba bean. The most outstanding yielding ability of faba bean populations were Giza-843 × G-429, Giza-843 × Line 3, Giza-843 × Line 4, Giza-843 × Giza-2, G-429 × Line 3 and Line 4 × Giza-2 that gave promise for high yield and make a good chance for high yield faba bean cultivars in the future. The results of F 6 families were similar to those of F 5 families where the performance of faba bean plants under heavily infested fields revealed selected populations of high seed yield that surpassed that of Giza-843 and that was represented in the first five families already mentioned and these six families gave parallel performance under free infested fields exceeded family Giza-429 × Line 4. The performance under both types of fields was clear from the highly decreased values of yield of faba bean plants grown under heavily infested fields. Then it is rather grow faba bean in free fields than in heavily infested fields in order to attain high productivity of this important crop. Genotypes Pedigree Description Giza-843 Giza-461 × 561/2076/65 tolerant to Orobanche infestation Giza-429 Single plant of Giza-402 tolerant to Orobanche infestation Line 957/721/94 Giza-402 × BPL582 promising for tolerance to Orobanche Line 664/689/94 Giza-402 × 249/802/80 promising for tolerance to Orobanche Giza-2 Selected from landraces susceptible to Orobanche infestation

This research was established at the Agricultural Research Station in Mallawi, Minia governorate during the agricultural seasons of 201 7 / 2018, and 201 8 / 2019, to Evaluate twelve lupine genotypes using biplot method and the effect of soaking and cooking treatments on some physical and chemical properties of seeds. The highest seed weight per plant obtained in Family 9 and Belbais 9 which gave high number of pods / plant, high weight of 100 and seed yield ardab / fed than the check varieties Giza 1 and Giza 2, Seed yield was significantly and posit ively correlated with 100 seed weight, seed weight / plant. The results of GT biplot graphs were consistent with those of correlation matrix and means table studies, showing that GT biplot graphs are a successful and useful approach. There was a clear variation with respect to water absorption, hydration and swelling coefficients, total phenols, alkaloids, tannins, total and soluble protein contents among the 12 different lupine seeds genotypes. Also, the effects of soaking and cooking on the abovementioned properties were noticeable where the water absorption values were ranged from 10.07% (Family 23) to 10.6% (Mutant 37/3) after 1 hr and from 26.93 (Family 23) to 28.31% (Family 9) after 24 hrs. It could be seen that both soaking and cooking processes caused a decrease in total phenols, alkaloids, tannins, total and soluble protein contents for all lupine genotypes seeds samples as compared to the raw ones.

A field experiments were conducted at Mallawy Agric. station, (latitude of 28 N, longitude of 30 E and altitude of 49 m above sea level), El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive growing seasons (2019 /2020) to study the effect of different concentrations of potassium silicate (P.Si), 0,3,6 and 9cm3/L foliar spray, under four soyabean genotypes, i.e. Giza 111, Giza22, Line3(H3L119 selected from Giza82) and Line7(H4L130 selected from Giza83) on yield ,its attributes and seed chemical analysis as well as pod warm infestation. The results indicated that, in both seasons foliar spraying of potassium silicate had highly significant effect on all studied character except seed index (S.I.). The concentration (6 cm3/L.) gave the highest values of seed yield (S.Y./F.) at 31.8 and 31.2% in the two seasons, respectively, as compared to control, as well as decreased the pod worm infestation (P.W.%) by 64.85% average both seasons. In the other hand Giza 22 surpassed the other genotypes regarding most characters, also the interaction between potassium silicate and soyabean genotypes had significant effect for all studied traits in both seasons, except seed weight/plant(S.W.) in the first season, the best values for all traits were obtained by foliar spraying of potassium silicate(6 cm3/L.) with Giza 22, furthermore the interaction ships among seed yield and its attributes through simple correlation( r) and regression(b) analysis were evaluated. Regarding correlation coefficients the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of seeds /plant (No.S/P), number of pods plant-1 (No.p/p), Seed weight/ plant and seed index A strong correlation of seed yield with these traits indicated that, simultaneous improvement of these traits is possible. These findings indicate that selection for each of number of seeds plant-1, number of pods plant-1, seed weight/ plant and 1000-seed weight would be accompanied by high yielding ability under such conditions. Also, the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with quantity traits Protein percent, oil percent, chlorophyl a (chl,a) + b (chl,b) and carotin(crt.), using silicon may be involved in cell elongation and/or cell division. negative and significant correlations were observed between seed yield (ton/fed.) and each of Infestation pods (P.W.%) and seeds (S.W.%) with pod worm percent. Decrease in these traits will ultimately Increase the seed yield. Regression procedure indicated that 6cm3/L. of potassium silicate gave the highest yield and yield components and reduce the pod worm infestation.

This work was conducted in the Experimental Farm of Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 to study the responses to two cycles of selection from the offspring of three crosses among local cultivars with variable levels of earliness and high yielding ability. Four cultivars of faba bean i.e. Giza-716, Giza-843, Sakha-1 and Triple White were crossed to attain the goal of this study. In the first season of 2008/2009, mean performances of the four parents and their offspring of F2 generation for seed yield per plant and number of days from sowing to maturity were measured in order to make the best choices of populations of high yielding ability and earliness. The results showed that three of six populations attained the best results of the critical traits i.e. Sakha-1 × Giza-843, Sakha-1 × Giza-716 and Giza-843 × Triple White. In the first season of 2008/2009, the responses to selection were measured at the levels of six out of eight traits because there were insignificant differences between the bulk and the selected populations for both numbers of days from sowing to flowering and maturity of the selected F3 families. Plant height insignificantly varied among the 3 populations and ranged from 109.1 to 119.1 cm. and number of branches per plant from 4.47 to 7.07 branches. However number of pods per plant insignificantly varied among the 3 populations and ranged from 36.7 to 53.9 pods and number of seeds per plant from 95.7 to 100.8 seeds. Although the analysis of variance indicated insignificant variations among the 3 populations selected of F3 for number of pods and seeds/plant, the responses to selection for both traits were very high. Weight of seeds (g) per plant of the selected F3 families considerably varied among the 3 populations and ranged from 59.16 to 105.13 g and also the response to selection was so high and reached a convenient level to continue for further cycles of selection. Weight of 100 seeds relatively varied among the 3 populations from 62.1 to 80.9 g. In the second season of 2009/2010, the means of all eight traits of the selected F4 families were calculated and the responses to selection were measured with similar results as those of the selected F3 families. The population Giza-843 × Triple White has achieved the goal of the research as it exhibited high productivity with good level of earliness indicating the importance of proper choice for the germplasms selected in breeding programs. The results obtained encouraged the team work to continue the research on the three selected populations in advanced cycles of selection to improve the performance of faba bean plants.

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