Formation of C(sp2)–X bonds was carried out using a Fe3O4@SiO2‐copper(I) sucrose xanthate nanoparticle catalyst with the aid of the copper(I) xanthate moiety in the catalyst which was prepared from the reaction between sucrose and carbon disulfide through an alkaline medium via the traditional Zeise approach. Various techniques were employed for the characterization of these novel nanoparticles. Three sorts of heteroatoms, N, O and S, successfully underwent heteroatom arylation to produce secondary or tertiary amines, ethers and thioethers, respectively.

A green, benign, heterogeneous, superparamagnetic catalyst (Glu.@Fe 3 O 4 ) was synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The prepared catalyst was used to achieve a high-efficiency, low-cost, eco-friendly and easy-to-handle protocol for synthesizing substituted pyrazole derivatives from aldehydes, malononitrile and phenylhydrazine. The catalyst was also used in chromene synthesis. Glucose coated on magnetic nanoparticles provided excellent catalytic activity. The catalyst could be recycled for up to four runs without significant loss in catalytic activity.

Vitamin B 6-Pd(II) immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully prepared and applied for C-Xcross-coupling reactions with aryl halides in green deep eutectic solvents. The results prove that the Fe 3 O 4 @vitamin B 6-Pd(II) magnetic nanoparticles show high catalyst activity and good stability. It was also revealed that this complex can be recycled up to five times without any significant loss in catalytic activity.

Copper acetylacetonate and 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium chloride immobilized on chitosan magnetic nanoparticlesviacovalent attachment as dual metal–ionic liquid catalyst for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols under mild and co-catalyst free conditions.

Toluene oxidation is one of the substantial industrial technologies since oxidized products are industrially very important intermediates. A Fe3O4@cysteine@Cu‐catalysed reaction that uses tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant to produce esters from toluene and β‐diketones or β‐keto esters, enolate precursors, has been developed. Oxidative esterification of toluene with 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives led to C─O bond formation and direct C─H functionalization.