This study was carried out to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with some growth regulators (gibberellic acid (GA 3) at 100 and 200 ppm, kinetin (Kin) at 100 and 200 ppm beside the control treatment) and a microelements mixture at (0, 1, 2 and 3 g/l) on vegetative growth, root system and quality of peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) plant. Results showed that the interaction treatment between spraying peace lily plants with Kin at 100 ppm in addition to the microelements mixture at 2 g/l gave the highest values regarding number of leaves/plant, stem diameter and leaf area, number of roots/plant in both seasons, fresh weight of roots in the 2 nd season and dry weight of root, fresh and dry weight of shoots, number of both shoots and flowers/plant in both seasons. The interaction treatment between spraying plants with GA 3 at 200 ppm and 2 g/l microelements mixture gave the tallest plants in both seasons. However, the interaction treatment between Kin at 100 ppm and spraying plants with 3 g/l microelements mixture was the best interaction treatment for enhancing the concentration of total chlorophyll and total carbohydrates in shoots, in both seasons. Generally, the best interaction treatments for increasing growth, flowering and biochemical constituents was obtained with Kin at 100 ppm and 2 g/l microelements.

The impacts of foliar spraying with different potassium silicate concentrations (0.0, 300, 600 and 900 ppm) and salicylic acid (0.0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) on growth, flowering aspects and some chemical constituents of Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura plant cv. White Rivor were evaluated. Under plastic house conditions, this experiment was carried out at Ornamental Nursery of Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, during the consecutive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. The treatments were laid out in a factorial randomized block design (4 × 4) with three replicates per treatment. The plant height, number of branches and leaves, root length and total fresh and dry weights per plant were significantly greater with 900 ppm potassium silicate treatment compared to the other ones; likewise, the number of inflorescences and flower heads per plant, as well as flower stalk length, were significantly higher. Early flowering and the largest flower heads were achieved in the foliar spray plot with 600 ppm potassium silicate. Using 900 ppm potassium silicate concentration significantly increased total carbohydrates percentage and total chlorophyll content compared to control. In the same trend, using 300 ppm of salicylic acid as foliar spray significantly increased all growth parameters, flowering traits and chemical constituents compared to the other ones under study. From these results, it can be concluded that the interaction treatment application of potassium silicate at 900 ppm plus salicylic acid at 300 ppm proved to have beneficial effects on the growth, flowering and quality of Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. White Rivor plant.

to study the effect of partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with biofertilizer containing two strains of nitrogen-fixing (Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chrococcoum), on vegetative growth, flowering and chemical composition of tuberose plants (Polianthes tuberosa L.) under sandy soil conditions to rationalize the use of mineral fertilizers and reduce pollution of the environment in order to increase the quantity and improvement quality of the product on the tuberose plants during the two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018. This experiment included seven treatments with three replications, which were the combinations between two of mineral nitrogen rates (50% and 75%) and three bio-fertilizers of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum (S), Azotobacter chrococcoum (Z) and Azospirillum lipoferum + Azotobacter chrococcoum (S*Z) treatments in addition to the control which was 100% N. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. The results showed that fertilizing tuberose plants with mineral nitrogen at 100% of the recommended dose recorded the highest values for plant height, number of leaves/plant and number of florets/spike. while fertilization with mineral nitrogen at 75% plus the dual inoculation with Azospirillum + Azotobacter recorded the highest values for fresh and dry weights of leaves (g)/plant, fresh and dry weights of root (g)/plant, fresh and dry weights of spike (g)/plant, floret diameter (cm), spike length (cm), longevity of tuberose cut flower spikes (days), in addition to leaves content of N, P, K, total chlorophyll a, b and carbohydrates %, as well as essential oil percentage in flowers without significant difference between them and control in most cases in both seasons.

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Two experiments were consummated in a saran's greenhouse at the Ornamental Nursery and the Ornamental Laboratory of Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to study the effect of two factors (NPK fertilization at different rates of 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g/l (preharvest) and some pulsing solutions i.e. distilled water (D.W.) for 16 h, sucrose (S) at 20% for 16 h, S (20%) for 16 h + silver thiosulfate (STS) at 1:4 mM for 18 min and S (20%) + 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) at 200 ppm for 16 h) to enhance sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. Sun Rich Orange growth and keeping quality of cut flowers after harvesting during 2019 and 2020 summer seasons. Also, the interactions between these two factors were assessed. Using any NPK fertilizer rate significantly enhanced plant height, total fresh and dry weights of plant and flower diameter as well as total chlorophyll content in the leaves, total carbohydrates percentage in leaves and anthocyanin content in flower petals of sunflower compared to control. Moreover, the rate of 3 g/l of NPK gave the highest values of water uptake and water balance in comparison with the other rates. The longevity of the cut flower was gradually increased with increasing NPK fertilizer rate up to 3 g/l then it decreased. Using S + STS or S + 8-HQS as a pulsing solution recorded the highest values in water uptake and water balance at 2, 4 and 6 days of shelf life periods of cut flower as well as increased longevity and fresh weight change (%) of cut sunflower compared to the other ones under study. In general, the interaction between S + STS or S + 8-HQS and 3 g/l of NPK gave the highest values of water balance and longevity compared to the other interaction treatments. It could be concluded that S + STS as well as S + 8-HQS, showed a uniform influence in keeping quality of sunflower cut flowers under 3 g/l of NPK fertilizer with increasing longevity and total sugars content in the flowers.