Background Cardiovascular intensive care unit (CICU) is an area with high mortality rates globally. The prediction of inpatients mortality risk at CICU needs a simplified scoring systems. Hence, this study aims to analyze the predictors for in-hospital mortality of patients whom hospitalized at CICU of Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta and to create a mortality risk score based on the results of this analysis. Methods Data were obtained from SCIENCE (Sardjito Cardiovascular Intensive Care) registry. Outcomes of 595 consecutive patients (mean age 59.92 ± 13.0 years) from January to November 2017 were recorded retrospectively. Demography, risk factor, comorbidities, laboratory result and other examinations were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to create two models of scoring system (probability and cut-off model) to predict in-hospital mortality of any cause. Results A total of 595 subjects were included in this research; death was found in 55 patients (9.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed some variables that became independent predictor of mortality, i.e. age ≥ 60 years, pneumonia, the use of ventilator machine, and increased of serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase level, an increased of creatinine level and an ejection fraction < 40%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a cut-off model scoring system with score 3 to 9 predicting mortality compared to score 0 - 2. This model yielded sensitivity of 80% and specificity 74%. While the probability scoring system (score 0 to 9) showed that the higher the score, the higher the mortality probability (e.g. the mortality of patient with score 2 is 5.27%; while the mortality of patient with score 8 is 87.5%). Conclusions Scoring system derived from this study can be used to predict the in-hospital mortality of patients whom hospitalized in our CICU and show a favorable sensitivity and specificity result.

Background Previous studies proposed that chronic inflammation in diabetes has a role in abnormal collagen production and elastin degradation, which promotes arterial stiffness. Monocyte-to-High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a simple measurement associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. However, little is known about the relationship of MHR with arterial stiffness. This study aimed to determine the association of MHR with arterial stiffness in patients with diabetes. Methods A total of 81 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Arterial stiffness factor in this study was Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). We analyzed complete blood count and lipid profile in all participants, then performed statistical analysis to determine the relationship between MHR and CAVI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of MHR to predict CAVI ≥ 9. Results Median of MHR in this study was 11.91 with the mean of CAVI was 8.13 ± 0.93. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between MHR and CAVI (ρ = 0.239, p = 0.031). Multivariate analysis showed the independent association of MHR to arterial stiffness (β = 0.361, 95% CI 0.023–0.093) and to CAVI ≥ 9 (OR 1.181, 95% CI 1.047–1.332). The cut-off values of MHR for predicting CAVI ≥ 9 were identified as ≥ 13 (OR 3.289, 95% CI 1.036–10.441). Conclusion MHR is associated with CAVI in patients with diabetes, irrespective of various potential confounders.

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