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This article examines the development of strategic alliances in the airline industry through the participation of Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (hereafter KLM) in a joint venture with Kenya Airways (hereafter KQ). Based on the literature on knowledge transfer in international business and organization studies, the study focuses on the evolution of cooperation between both partners over time, from capital seeking to joint marketing, legitimacy, knowledge seeking, and revenue and cost sharing. In particular, it demonstrates how the features of the two firms and their boundaries affect inter-organizational knowledge transfer.

This paper examines the Africanization of human resources in East Africa during the latter part of the twentieth century. Focusing on the case of the East African Airways Corporation (EAAC) and later Kenya Airways, we analyze the long-term development of staffing policy in these companies and the impact of the changing political and managerial environment (colonial rule, joint ownership by three independent states, Kenyan state-owned enterprise, private enterprise with foreign ownership). This research shows that post-independence Africanization was hampered by a lack of specific local expertise. The EAAC solved this difficulty by cooperating with foreign organizations that provided adequate training for African pilots, engineers, and managers. However, indigenization was also used in a less meritocratic way and promoted clientelism.

This paper examines the relationship between women's education and their empowerment, using six waves of the nationally representative Kenya Demographic Health Surveys (KDHS). We utilize the change in the educational system in 1985 as a source of positive exogenous shock. We particularly focus on women who were exposed to the new regime and how their exposure status affects their perceptions and practices in decision making. The Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) results indicate an increase in education for women exposed to this reform, followed by the delay in their age at first birth, a reduction in female genital mutilation practice on their eldest daughters, a decrease in sexual domestic violence, and enhancement in their household decision making. Media exposure, partners' characteristics, and wealth endowment are the possible pathways through which women's empowerment is achieved.

This article examines the causal effects of education on women empowerment, focusing on women born between 1950 and 1980 in six waves of Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) data, who were likely exposed to 1985 education policy change in Kenya. The study employs this new structuring educational system as an instrument and reported the results using reduced-form due to high repetition rate and late enrolment at that time. The findings indicate that being exposed to the new education system yields positive impact on women empowerment. Specifically, being exposed to the 8-4-4 regime, women delayed their age at first birth by approximately 0.564 years, the female genital mutilation (FGM) practice on their eldest daughters declined by 3.51%, sexual domestic violence reduced by 6.47% and their decision-making index was enhanced by 0.067 point. We also conduct some robustness checks and placebo test, and the findings are robust. We provide some potential mechanisms that experiencing the new 8-4-4 system empowers women:1) exposure to information, 2) husbands/partners’ characteristics, and 3) labour market outcome. KEYWORDS: KDHS, education, women empowerment, Kenya, gende