Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy represents a key oncology strategy for a more comprehensive attack toward cancers and improves treatment outcome for various solid tumor malignancies. The present study aims to evaluate the synergistic antitumor effect of γ-radiation together with gallium trichloride (GaCl3) and/or doxorubicin (DOX) against solid Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) in female mice. GaCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) was administered by gavages daily on the seventh day after tumor inoculation, while the cytotoxic drug DOX (4 mg/kg b.w.) was administered intraperitoneally once a week. Whole-body γ-radiation was carried out at a dose 2 Gy once a week. Biochemical analysis showed that solid EC induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content with a significant decrease in the antioxidant state (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities) and depleted serum iron concentration compared to normal control. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in calcium level and caspase-3 concentrations in both serum and tumor homogenate respectively associated with a significant alteration in heart, liver, and kidney functions, as compared to control. Treatment of EC-bearing mice with GaCl3and/or DOX combined with γ-radiation exposure significantly reduced tumor volume and displayed a significant improvement in most studied markers which may indicate a synergistic effect of this combination against organ dysfunction and cellular injury. The histopathologically investigation showed that treatment of animals bearing EC with GaCl3and/or DOX with γ-radiation exposure showed shrinkage in tumor lesions and wide zones of apoptotic cells with signs of regenerations. It was concluded that the combination of GaCl3and/or DOX with γ-radiation exposure resulted in super-additive cytotoxic effects on treatment of cancer cells.

S UGARCANE molasses is a potent antioxidant. Radiation and excess manganese are toxins causing a wide range of adverse effects that can be severe and induce tissues damage to mammals. In an attempt to minimize these effects, the present study aims to evaluate the mitigating effect of molasses on radiation or manganese toxicity-induced testicular tissue damage. Rats were whole-body gamma-irradiated with a single dose of 6Gy, or administered MnCl 2 4H 2 O in a single intraperitoneal injection (100mg/kg body weight). The results showed that molasses treatment (200mg/ 100g body weight/day) for seven days post-radiation or manganese toxicity induced a marked amelioration in the oxidative stress biomarkers of serum and testicular tissues of rats manifested by decreased levels of total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) associated with an elevation in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Molasses treatment has induced also a significant elevation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Marked improvement in the level of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and glucose was also observed. Moreover, molasses was effective in modulating the concentration levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in testicular tissue and epididymis. Additionally, the epididymal sperm count, as well as motility and viability percentage had markedly increased in rats treated with molasses, whereas there was a significant decrease in the number of sperms with abnormal morphology. In conclusion, sugarcane molasses can be considered as a new natural mitigating agent on the testicular injury induced by radiation or Mn-toxicity.