A closed loop simulation is used for minimizing of undemanding vibration caused in the dish system. The finite element method is used to model the closed loop control via ANSYS-APDL. In this paper the Bezier function for surface modeling to get the best modeling points for dish is used. A designed surface is represented by sufficient control points, using these control points, the surface has been represented depending on Bezier technique to generate reliable and near-optimal dish surface. The required equations are generated to apply the surfaces and curves efficiently using MATLAP program, then exported to ANSYS to perform closed loop vibration analysis. It can be concluded that the closed loop control system with gain (Kp=4, Ki=1, Kd=0.1) suppression the vibration of the dish with 98% with different thickness and materials of dish. Also the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the dish is evaluated. Three materials (pure copper, pure aluminum and steel) each with different thickness is taken for the dish (0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1 and 1.2) mm and for each thickness the responses and the natural frequencies are determined for six modes. The effect of the thickness's variation on natural frequencies for each material was studied. It can be observed that natural frequency is direct proportional with the thickness of the dish.

Many researchers consider Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine mode as a promising alternative to combustion in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition Engines. The HCCI engine runs on lean mixtures of fuel and air, and the combustion is produced from the fuel autoignition instead of ignited by a spark. This combustion mode was investigated in this paper. A variable compression ratio, spark ignition engine type TD110 was used in the experiments. The tested fuel was Iraqi conventional gasoline (ON=82). The results showed that HCCI engine can run in very lean equivalence ratios. The brake specific fuel consumption was reduced about 28% compared with a spark ignition engine. The experimental tests showed that the emissions concentrations were reduced by 91.27% for NOx, 85.99% for CO, 78.91% for CO2, and 83.56% for unburned hydrocarbons compared to the SI engine. HCCI engine produced little noise with about 26.68% less than SI engine.

Tube hydroforming is a forming process where an inner pressure combined with axial feeding deforms the tube to the shape of a die cavity, i.e. the process state where the hardening of the material is unable to resist the increase in inner pressure and wall thickness reduction. In the current work the tube with circular cross section is deformed to square cross section using hydraulic pressure. The die of the square edges is designed and manufacturing to change the tube with circular cross section to square cross section. The die and tools were designed and manufactured in order to satisfy the experimental work.The hydraulic system manufactured is capable to give several values of internal pressure. Initially circular tubes are inflated against a square die while simultaneously they are axially compressed in order to delay wall thinning and burst and achieve an accept tube wall thickness distribution. The dimension of tube used in the experimental work of copper is (L=110 mm, d o =9.4 mm , t o =1.5mm) to obtain forming limit diagram and mechanical properties of tube and value of the bursting pressure and final thickness for copper tube (170MPa ) and 1.18 mm. A squared grid has been printed by screen method with dimensions (5x5mm) the strain measurement accomplished by measuring the dimensions of the grid printed before and after deformation. The finite element method was applied via ANSYS11software package in order to determine the tube thickness, stress and strain behavior and the internal pressure required to form the square shape tube and the radius of curvature of the tube.It was found that the generated strain during the tube hydroforming process in the square cross -sectional die was less than that in ANSYS software within 20%. The results showed good agreement.