:-Ageing of the population is now one of the most important facts that came to the foreground in the 21 st century. The rapid growth in the elderly of Bangladesh population after 2040 will challenge existing health care services, family relationships on social security. Because of change in the family structure there will be implications on health care of elderly from the family and unmet need of health care services in the public sector will rapidly increase. the aim of this research is to explore how the aging situation in Bangladesh is addressing and anticipating the challenges of an aging society. A review of program activities suggests that Bangladesh preparedness for an aging population is decidedly mixed. Public policy may have an important influence on the role of family support systems in the future but it is not significant considering the absolute size of the elderly population. Current demographic trends indicate that Bangladesh will very different in the coming decades than is to day. Mortality and fertility will be lower, and life expectancy will be rising. Population growth will have slowed substantially as supported by the medium and low variants projections respectively. Strengthening human capital by ensuring empowerment education and employment of all citizens will yield a high return to investment and will help countries reap a demographic dividend that can lift millions out of poverty. Creating hope and opportunity for young people to develop their full potential can drive progress in the years to come and ultimately result in a second demographic dividend of healthy lives, wealthier and more productive older person.

Background: Violence against women is considered as a global problem and the trend for abusing domestically is very much up. This not only violates the human rights and it has got major implications on physical, mental, social and sexual health of a woman. Worldwide there is little research work on how domestic violence has affected women’s health and their decision-making power. This study aimed to explore the relationship between domestic violence on empowerment of women and their health seeking behavior in Pakistan. Methods: This research has used secondary data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey data 2012-13. About 3687 ever-married women were selected and interviewed for domestic violence from 248 urban and 252 rural areas of Pakistan. Results: Both chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. The results show that women with no education have suffered more (43%) from domestic violence. Almost 68% women reported that who have seen their parents beating their mothers have also experiences domestic violence. Logistic regression shown that women from rural areas are highly likely to be victims of domestic violence (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.52, p-value<. 001). ANC visit is also found statistically significant with those who suffered violence at home. Conclusion: Policy makers and other stakeholders should take measures to control and stop violence against women and help them to live equally like a man

Decisions regarding sexual and reproductive health significantly impact women’s health and their protection against HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. These decisions also impact females’ ability to reach their reproductive goals. Women’s autonomy is recognized to be vital to women’s access to reproductive healthcare, the use of contraceptives, the capacity to avoid or receive treatment for STIs (including HIV), and other reproductive and sexual health issues. This research investigated the association between the decision-making power of South African women (of reproductive age) and their knowledge and practices regarding HIV/AIDS preventive measures. The present study used data from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 8514 women aged 15–49 years who participated in the survey were used for this research. The mean age of the women was 30.21 years, with an SD of 9.86. Approximately 38.5% of the women decided on contraceptive use, and only 11.7% of women’s partners and 49.8% of respondents were jointly involved in the decision-making process of contraceptive use. All HIV preventive measures under study were statistically significantly associated with high decision-making power; the use of a condom by the husband or partner of the women was the most significant; husbands or partners of the women with high autonomy were three times more likely to use condoms.