Introduction: Postoperative shivering is a very common and unpleasant complication of laparoscopic surgery under General Anaesthesia (GA). Postoperative shivering is uncomfortable for the patient, and it might increase the postoperative complications especially in high-risk patients. Aim: To compare the therapeutic effects of Nalbuphine and Nefopam in treating postoperative shivering in patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) under GA. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised, double-blinded, study conducted at Government Medical College and Hospital, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India, on 60 patients aged between 25 to 60 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II scheduled for elective LC under GA, who had postoperative shivering during recovery period. Study duration was of one year (October 2021 to October 2022). Patients were randomly allocated into Group A (n=30, received nalbuphine) and Group B (n=30, received nefopam). Data was collected and compiled using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 version. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test was used to analyse the data. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Time for cessation of shivering was 4.11±1.12 minutes in nalbuphine group as compared to 3.03±0.68 minutes in nefopam group which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Response rate was 73.33% in nalbuphine group as compared to 90% in nefopam group, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.043). Similar incidence of bradycardia and vomiting was noted in both the groups. Nausea (6.67% vs 3.33%), pain on injection (3.33% vs nil) and pruritis (6.67% vs nil) were more in nalbuphine group as compared to nefopam group which was statistically significant. Sedation was more in nalbuphine group as compared to nefopam group (10% vs 6.67%) which was not significant statistically. Conclusion: Nefopam as compared to nalbuphine had earlier cessation of shivering, better response rate and had less sideeffects.

Objectives: There are numerous surgical techniques that have been demonstrated and utilized to repair small perforations in the tympanic membrane (TM) with various graft materials such as veins, perichondrium, periosteum, and others. In our study, fat was taken as the graft material and the main aim of the study was to evaluate the success rate of graft uptake, assessment of hearing improvement, and complications of the operative procedure. Material and Methods: In this single-center study, 46 patients underwent fat myringoplasty, 52 ears were operated from October 2016 to September 2017 for a period of 1 year. A detailed history, general physical, and a through ear, nose, and throat examination were done. Audiometric assessment was done using pure tone audiometry. Patients between the age group of 15 and 50 years were included in the study. Results: A total of 46 patients were included in the study who met the inclusion criteria. Six patients had bilateral perforations and 40 patients had unilateral perforation, a total of 52 perforations were operated. Forty-three (82.69%) patients had successful graft uptake and graft failure was seen in 9 (17.30%) patients. Maximum gain in hearing was seen in in patients with hearing loss between 20 and 30 dB, that is, 24 patients (46.1%). Conclusion: Fat myringoplasty is a methodized, precise, inexpensive, mini-invasive, and cosmetic outpatient procedure for small perforations of TM. It can be done under local anesthesia and has a good success rate if the patient selection is done appropriately.