Autologous BMSCs seem to be a safe and effective treatment option for the management of all types of atrophic facial acne scars.

TLR9 may play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE and correlates with the disease activity. Corticosteroids have no effect on TLR9 expression, explaining lack of corticosteroid response in some SLE patients. TLR 9 expression can be used in predicting glucocorticoid response in active SLE patients. New treatment modalities targeting TLR9 expression may be of value in steroid-resistant patients.

APRIL may play a role in the pathogeneses of AD and vitiligo and could be used as an objective marker for the assessment of AD severity and vitiligo activity. Further studies are required to clarify the precise mechanism of APRIL in the pathogeneses of AD and vitiligo and to test the possible use of APRIL inhibitors as novel modalities of therapy.

Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society 2014, 11:95-102 Background The diagnosis and management of hair and scalp disorders presents a unique challenge for the physician. Dermoscopy has been utilized in recent years for the diagnosis of various hair and scalp diseases. Objective To evaluate the use of dermoscopy as a diagnostic tool for common hair disorders and its application in everyday practice. Patients and methodsThe present study included 127 patients with various hair disorders. Their clinical diagnoses were alopecia areata (AA) in 43 patients, androgenetic alopecia in 35 patients, scalp psoriasis in 21 patients, scalp seborrheic dermatitis in 14 patients, tinea capitis in 11 patients, and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in three female patients. Dermatoscopic examination was performed using a polarized-light handheld dermatoscope. ResultsIn AA clustered vellus hairs, black dots, tapered hairs, coudability hairs, and yellow dots were specific features, whereas in androgenic alopecia, greater than 20% hair diameter diversity and peripilar sign were specific. Interfollicular red dots were specific for psoriasis, whereas follicular red dots were specific for DLE. Arborizing blood vessels were features of DLE, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis, in descending frequency. Comma-like hair was a specific feature of tinea capitis. White and brown dyscromia, reduction of follicular ostia, and blue dots were specific features for DLE. Conclusion Dermoscopy may be useful in the differential diagnosis of AA, androgenetic alopecia, and tinea capitis. Specification of vascular patterns by dermoscopy can be valuable for the clinical differentiation of scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis. Dermoscopy may be useful in the evaluation of disease activity of DLE and AA by detecting features of activity and remission.

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