No abstract

The main problem of the distribution of freight in archipelago countries such as Indonesia is how to ensure that the outlying and outermost islands are served optimally, with low freight costs and optimal frequency of vessel stops at ports. There are three types of vessels that are subsidized and have the duty of public service obligation (PSO) from the government, namely Sea Tollway, Pelni, and Pioneer shipping. Each vessel has a different route and is not mutually integrated so that its services are not optimal. Integration of the distribution systems of the three types of vessels is needed, thus the distribution costs and the round voyages of vessels are expected to be more optimal and services can be more competitive. The high cost of freight distribution must be minimized so that the government's burden on PSO subsidies can be reduced. This study aims to determine the parameters of the variables that influence the development of an integrated sea transport network model for freight distribution in a region consisting of many islands. The method used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the variables used were time, cost, freight, port characteristics, vessel characteristics, government policies, and environmental factors (waves and weather). The data used were the results of a questionnaire from 238 respondents, a sample consisting of regulators, shipping operators, academics, and distributors. The results of the conformity testing of the SEM model indicate that all variables have a significant effect on the process of integration of sea transportation networks in the region of the archipelago.

Pedestrians are frequently perceived as one of the sources of traffic congestion due to their illegal occupancy of the roadway. The goal of this study is to examine this issue by investigating the feasibility of pedestrian facilities and the effectiveness of utilizing a pedestrian bridge at a certain congested area: the north-bound traffic in Jalan Lenteng Agung, Jakarta. The feasibility of a facility is represented by an indicator of the Level of Service (LOS), i.e. the space occupied by one pedestrian, and is supported by an assessment from the pedestrian's point of view, using a questionnaire covering various aspects of the issue. The assessment of its geometric feasibility is also carried out, using the design specifications issued by the Directorate General of Bina Marga (1990) to strengthen the analysis. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of using a pedestrian bridge is represented by the ratio of pedestrian bridge users to the total number of people crossing the street. Data collection related to pedestrian flow is carried out using web cameras. The analysis shows that the LOS of all the segments of the pedestrian facilities ranges from LOS A to LOS C, in which LOS C represents the pedestrian bridge. LOS measures, supported by the geometric feasibility assessment results, signify that the facilities are not yet feasible; the speed of pedestrian flow needs to be increased using geometric improvement and the elimination of all disturbances throughout the facilities. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of using the pedestrian bridge is only 50.26% (meaning it is "quite useful"); the remaining percentage of pedestrians cross the road by navigating through the road traffic. The questionnaire results show that people are indeed aware of the importance of the safety issues related to bridge usage; however, they are reluctant to use it due to the physical barriers. The improvement generated from the analysis may help increase bridge use and its LOS, and eventually reduce the disturbance of vehicle flow.

Indonesian Police attempt to reduce the fatality rate of traffic accidents by enforcing the law on speed restrictions using speed cameras. The National Police Traffic Corps (Korlantas), from 2017 to 2018, had installed 75 units of speed cameras along Jakarta Toll Roads including Cikampek, Jagorawi, Bitung, and many others. By the end of 2020, Korlantas is expected to install 75 more units on the arterial roads of Jakarta. This study aims to analyze the implementation of vehicle speed deceleration through signs and speed cameras in the control zone. The data analyzed by comparing the speed of vehicles when crossing the control zone using the normal distribution Z test, with a 5% margin of error. The research shows that speed deceleration policy using signs and speed cameras in the control zone reduces the speed by 9% or equal to an average speed of 8 km/hour. Drivers who obeyed the speed limit reach 76.6% or 230 vehicles from 302 vehicle samples, where most of them are buses, followed by passenger cars and freight cars, respectively. The application of speed deceleration using signs and speed cameras in the toll toad meets the planning target and is recommended to be implemented across the country.

The development of e-commerce business in Jakarta, Indonesia, in recent years has made the Last Mile Delivery (LMD) business sector develop rapidly. Increased demand for LMD makes the resulting kilometer trips even greater, resulting in negative externalities. On the other hand, logistics costs in Indonesia are only affected by vehicle operating costs and no external cost component. Optimization of LMD services that takes into account internal and external costs is needed to minimize the total cost of LMD and in reducing the impact of negative externalities. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the LMD distribution system on the Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window and External Costs (HFVRPTW-EC) models. The optimization is done by applying the HFVRPTW-EC model using data from one of the parcel delivery companies in Jakarta and then doing a simulation by forming several operational scenarios. The results show that the optimization of LMD has reduced internal and external costs by more than 50% compared to existing conditions. The detailed results show that, for the short-term program, a scenario with a one-tier distribution system and type of motorcycle vehicle can reduce total costs compared to existing conditions by 66.22% on peak day and 59.41% on off peak day. Whereas for long-term program optimization, scenarios with multiple tier distribution systems and types of motorized vehicles for drop mileage and pick up truck for stem mileage can reduce total costs by 69.23% on peak day and 60.24% on off peak day.