With the rapid progress of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been applicated in our daily life. In the field of nanotechnology, metal-based NPs are an important component of engineered NPs, including metal and metal oxide NPs, with a variety of biomedical applications. However, the unique physicochemical properties of metal-based NPs confer not only promising biological effects but also pose unexpected toxic threats to human body at the same time. For safer application of metal-based NPs in humans, we should have a comprehensive understanding of NP toxicity. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about metal-based NPs, including the physicochemical properties affecting their toxicity, mechanisms of their toxicity, their toxicological assessment, the potential strategies to mitigate their toxicity and current status of regulatory movement on their toxicity. Hopefully, in the near future, through the convergence of related disciplines, the development of nanotoxicity research will be significantly promoted, thereby making the application of metal-based NPs in humans much safer.
Purpose: To describe the combined use of multiple interventional techniques for the treatment of acute renal artery thrombosis.Case Report: Acute renal artery thrombosis is a rare condition, which is diffi cult to diagnose accurately and quickly. Failure to restore renal perfusion as quickly as possible may lead to renal dysfunction. Multiple interventional techniques are used as new options to restore renal blood fl ow and function. Herein we present one case of acute renal artery thrombosis treated with combination use of percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy, catheter thrombus aspiration and intra-arterial thrombolysis in a very early stage.
Conclusion:Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to preserving the renal function, and the combined use of multiple interventional techniques is safe and effective for the restoration of renal perfusion in treating patients with acute renal artery thrombosis.
Abbreviations, et al. (2019) Acute renal artery thrombosis treated with combination use of multiple interventional techniques. J Cardiovasc Med Cardiol 6(4): 088-091. DOI: https://dx.
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