IVIM-derived parameters differ depending on the calculation methods. The two-step fitting method with D value estimation first was correlated with DCE MRI perfusion.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) features of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) of paranasal sinuses. Materials and Methods Computed tomography (n = 8) and MR (n = 14) images and clinical findings from 14 patients with SNEC of paranasal sinuses were retrospectively reviewed. Results Eight lesions were located in the ethmoidal sinus, 4 in the maxillary sinus, and 2 in the sphenoid sinus. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the sphenoid sinus showed bilateral asymmetry patterns. On CT images, bony changes were visible in all 8 cases. On MR, 4 cases contained hemorrhage, and 10 cases contained cystic or necrotic areas. All cases demonstrated marked heterogeneous enhancement, with half showing a “cribriform-like” or “geographic” appearance. The nasal cavity was the most common site invaded by SNEC of paranasal sinuses, followed by the orbits. A time-signal intensity curve examination showed a washout-type pattern in all but 1 case. The mean ± SD apparent diffusion coefficient value was 0.702 ± 0.112 (×10 −3 mm 2 /s). According to the Dulguerov staging system, 9 tumors were staged as N0 (1 T1, 1 T2, 5 T3, and 2 T4). The recurrence rate was 64.3%. Conclusions Some characteristics of radiological findings can provide important clues for preoperative diagnosis.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between clinical features and endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in children with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods: We collected 30 SSNHL children aged ≤17 years old, all of whom underwent intravenous gadolinium injection. After 4 hours, inner ear 3-dimensional inversion recovery sequence with real reconstruction (3D-real IR) magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Combined with their medical history such as gender, age, disease course, hearing loss, and so on, the results were analyzed. Results: Different degrees of EH were shown in the vestibule or different turns of cochlea in the affected ears of SSNHL children, and 12 (40%) of 30 children showed positive EH. Age, low and middle frequency hearing loss, and other clinical symptoms such as dizziness and ear fullness have been shown to be related to a certain degree of EH in vestibule or cochlea, whereas no relationship was found between EH and other clinical features such as high-frequency hearing loss, gender, affected side, and tinnitus. Conclusions: Endolymphatic hydrops may not reflect the trend of disease progression over time in children with SSNHL, but the age of onset may be an important factor in the presence or absence of EH. Endolymphatic hydrops may be one of the causes of dizziness and ear fullness but has no obvious connection with the occurrence of tinnitus. Older SSNHL children with dizziness and ear fullness should maintain long-term follow-up to dynamically monitor the changes in EH.

PurposeTo develop and validate a nomogram model combining radiomic features and clinical characteristics to preoperatively predict the risk of early relapse (ER) in advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCCs).MethodsA total of 152 SNSCC patients (clinical stage III-IV) who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were included in this study. The training cohort included 106 patients assessed at the headquarters of our hospital using MR scanner 1. The testing cohort included 46 patients assessed at the branch of our hospital using MR scanner 2. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied for feature selection and radiomic signature (radscore) construction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent predictors. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, the patients were classified into high- or low-risk ER subgroups according to the optimal cutoff value of the nomogram using X-tile. The recurrence-free survival probability (RFS) of each subgroup was assessed.ResultsER was noted in 69 patients. The radscore included 8 selected radiomic features. The radscore, T stage and surgical margin were independent predictors. The nomogram showed better performance (AUC = 0.92) than either the radscore or the clinical factors in the training cohort (P < 0.050). In the testing cohort, the nomogram showed better performance (AUC = 0.92) than the clinical factors (P = 0.016) and tended to show better performance than the radscore (P = 0.177). The nomogram demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 2-year RFS rate for low-risk patients was significantly greater than that for high-risk patients in both the training and testing cohorts (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe ADC-based radiomic nomogram model is potentially useful in predicting the risk of ER in advanced SNSCCs.